2020年4月新聞熱詞匯總

4月，依舊是疫情防控的一個月。國內(nèi)疫情風(fēng)險穩(wěn)步降低，海外疫情還在發(fā)展，我國采取了一系列嚴防輸入的疫情防控舉措。本月重點熱詞有：全國哀悼日、5G消息、糧食安全、就業(yè)歧視、零號病人以及北京突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件響應(yīng)降級。

現(xiàn)場祭掃活動 on-site commemorative activities

4月1日，在國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制召開的新聞發(fā)布會上，民政部社會事務(wù)司副司長范瑜在回答記者提問時表示，目前“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”的要求不能放松，今年清明除了現(xiàn)場祭掃以外，倡導(dǎo)多樣化的祭掃方式。

Nine provinces, including Central China’s Hubei province, have suspended on-site commemorative activities during the three-day holiday from Saturday to Monday, according to Fan.
范瑜表示，湖北省等9省已經(jīng)決定暫停4月4日至6日期間的清明現(xiàn)場祭掃活動。

She said that some provinces and cities require people to follow strict reservation rules for tomb sweeping.
她指出，還有一些省市要求人們嚴格遵守祭掃預(yù)約規(guī)定。

比如有的地方規(guī)定，居家或者集中觀察期未滿的人員是不能預(yù)約現(xiàn)場祭掃的（those who are under home quarantine or concentrated observation are not allowed to make reservations for on-site commemorative activities），有關(guān)人員要自覺遵守。

預(yù)約成功后要按預(yù)約時間和規(guī)定的人數(shù)前去祭掃。

除了現(xiàn)場祭掃外，為了鞏固疫情防控成果，今年清明祭掃活動還大力推廣非現(xiàn)場祭掃方式。

The Ministry of Civil Affairs encourages people to mourn their ancestors and deceased family members in more civil and eco-friendly ways, such as organizing commemorative activities at home or online.
民政部倡導(dǎo)人們用更加文明環(huán)保的方式祭祀先輩和逝去的親人，比如，居家追思或網(wǎng)絡(luò)祭掃。

Some civil affairs departments have opened online platforms for commemoration.
一些民政部門已經(jīng)開通了網(wǎng)上祭掃平臺。

Staff members at funeral parlors also offer charity services, for example, helping deliver flowers and send condolences, to reduce risks of infection due to mass gatherings.
殯葬服務(wù)機構(gòu)工作人員也會提供公益性代祭服務(wù)，比如，代獻花、留言寄語等，以降低因人群聚集而帶來的感染風(fēng)險。

范瑜說，

The control measures may bring inconvenience to the public but we believe that cherishing the health of living people is the best consolation to the deceased.
對清明節(jié)祭掃的相關(guān)限制措施，大家可能覺得很繁瑣，但是我們認為，生者的健康平安是對逝者最好的告慰。

全國哀悼日 national day of mourning

為表達全國各族人民對抗擊新冠肺炎疫情斗爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，國務(wù)院發(fā)布公告，決定2020年4月4日舉行全國性哀悼活動。
China will hold a national mourning Saturday for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and compatriots died of the disease, according to the State Council.

在此期間，全國和駐外使領(lǐng)館下半旗志哀，全國停止公共娛樂活動。
During the commemoration, national flags will fly at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will be suspended across the country.

【單詞講解】

“下半旗”除了可以用這里的flags fly at half-mast表達之外，用flags fly at half-staff也是可以的。為什么會用mast和staff這兩個詞呢？因為mast本意是“桅桿”，后來也用來指“旗桿”，而staff其實是flagstaff的縮寫，flagstaff相當(dāng)于flagpole，本身就是“旗桿”的意思。

4月4日10時起，全國人民默哀3分鐘，汽車、火車、艦船鳴笛，防空警報鳴響。
At 10:00 am Saturday, Chinese people nationwide will observe three-minute silence to mourn for the deceased, while air raid sirens and horns of automobiles, trains and ships will wail in grief.

【單詞講解】

“默哀”比較常用的英文表達是observe (three-minute) silence (for someone)或者pay silent tribute (to someone)。Tribute可以表示“（對死者的）致敬，悼念，致哀”。例如：an obituary tribute（悼辭）；此外，tribute還可以表示“頌詞”，例如：a birthday tribute（生日祝福）。

 

糧食安全 food security

4月4日下午，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制就做好疫情期間糧食供給和保障工作情況舉行發(fā)布會。

有記者提問，受新冠肺炎疫情影響，不少國家開始限制糧食出口，特別是哈薩克斯坦、越南等國開始宣布限制小麥、大米出口。在這種情況下我們身邊可能會有些人因為擔(dān)心食品短缺而進行囤積搶購，請問我國糧食安全總體形勢如何？

【詞匯講解】

在英語里，“糧食安全”用food security表示，而food safety則表示“食品安全”。這二者的區(qū)別是：food security強調(diào)的是確保人們都能得到維持健康生活所需要的糧食，主要跟糧食的供應(yīng)和人們獲取的渠道有關(guān)；而food safety強調(diào)的是確保人們吃進嘴里的食物在生產(chǎn)、存儲和銷售等環(huán)節(jié)都符合衛(wèi)生健康標(biāo)準。

China has ample food production and grain reserves despite the novel coronavirus impact, so there is no need to hoard groceries, officials have said.
有關(guān)負責(zé)人表示，雖然有新冠肺炎疫情影響，但我國糧食產(chǎn)量豐、庫存足，沒有必要囤積糧食。

農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)展規(guī)劃司司長魏百剛用四組數(shù)字對上述問題進行了回應(yīng)。

第一組數(shù)據(jù)，糧食產(chǎn)量。

The country has recorded a long streak of bumper years, with grain output reaching a record of 663.9 billion kg last year.
我國糧食生產(chǎn)連年豐收，去年的產(chǎn)量達到6639億公斤，創(chuàng)歷史新高。

第二組數(shù)據(jù)，人均糧食占有量。

The per capita output of grain in China has been higher than the world average since 2010.
2010年以來，我們國家人均糧食占有量持續(xù)高于世界平均水平。

 

第三組數(shù)據(jù)，糧食庫存量。

The repertory of rice and wheat in the country is enough for the whole population for one year.
小麥和稻谷庫存大體相當(dāng)于全國人民一年的消費量。

第四組數(shù)據(jù)，我國谷物進口量。

China imported 14.68 million tons of grain last year, accounting for 2% of the total consumption in the country.
中國去年凈進口1468萬噸，僅占全國谷物消費量的2%左右。

農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司司長潘文博在發(fā)布會上表示，

China has unveiled a series of "unconventional measures" to stabilize grain production, including setting region-specific grain plantation targets, offering subsidies for farmers and raising minimum prices for state procurement of rice, which secured a good start this year and would ensure stable grain production for the whole year.
今年我國采取了一系列“超常規(guī)”措施穩(wěn)住糧食生產(chǎn)，包括按地區(qū)設(shè)定今年糧食種植目標(biāo)，為農(nóng)民提供補貼，提高糧食最低收購價等，糧食生產(chǎn)有了一個好的開局，能夠穩(wěn)住今年糧食生產(chǎn)。

We have the confidence and determination to hold firm our rice bowl.
我們有信心、有決心端牢中國人的飯碗。

 

健康信息 health information

中國民用航空局、中華人民共和國海關(guān)總署4月7日發(fā)布關(guān)于中國籍旅客乘坐航班回國前填報防疫健康信息的公告。

Chinese passengers who are going to fly from 26 countries, including the United States, Italy and Spain, to China are required to submit their health information prior to boarding the plane, the country's civil aviation regulator said on Tuesday.
民航局4月7日表示，從美國、意大利、西班牙等26國回國的中國籍旅客需在乘坐航班前填報個人健康信息。

具體要求如下：

Passengers who already booked air tickets to China must report their personal information, health status and recent travel history on a daily basis starting from Wednesday via a WeChat mini-program before boarding. Under special circumstances, the information can be submitted with the help of someone else.
自2020年4月8日起，已購票旅客在登機前需要提前通過防疫健康碼國際版微信小程序，逐日填報個人資料、健康狀況、近期出行情況等信息。特殊情況可由他人代為填報。

Passengers who take the flights during the transition period between Wednesday and April 22 should report the related information every day ahead of their flights. Passenger who plan to fly after April 22 need to report the information daily for two weeks before boarding.
2020年4月8日至4月22日為過渡期。過渡期內(nèi)乘坐航班的中國籍旅客，應(yīng)于4月8日起連續(xù)逐日填報。過渡期后乘坐航班的，應(yīng)于登機前第14天起連續(xù)逐日填報。

【詞匯講解】

這里的“過渡期”用transition period表示，transition指的是從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種狀態(tài)的過程，即“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”，比如： difficult transition from childhood to adulthood（從童年到成年的艱難轉(zhuǎn)變）。另外一個與transition拼寫很接近的詞transitory表達的是“轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的、短暫的”意思，比如：transitory happiness（轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的幸福）。

People who do not fill out the information as required will not be allowed to board, and passengers who failed to report it truthfully cannot continue their trip and need to bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
未按上述要求填報的，將無法登機。旅客填報虛假信息，將導(dǎo)致行程受阻，并須承擔(dān)相應(yīng)法律責(zé)任。

公告中所列國家為：意大利、美國、西班牙、德國、伊朗、法國、韓國、瑞士、英國、荷蘭、奧地利、比利時、挪威、葡萄牙、瑞典、澳大利亞、巴西、土耳其、馬來西亞、丹麥、加拿大、以色列、捷克、愛爾蘭、菲律賓、泰國。

 

5G消息業(yè)務(wù) 5G messaging service

4月8日，中國移動、中國電信、中國聯(lián)通聯(lián)合舉行線上發(fā)布會，共同發(fā)布《5G消息白皮書》。

Falling under the technical name of rich communication services, or RCS, the 5G messaging service is designed to replace current short messages with a system that is richer, provides phone book polling, and can transmit in-call multimedia.
5G消息，其技術(shù)名稱為“富媒體通信/富通信服務(wù)”，旨在用一個更加豐富的體系取代現(xiàn)有的短信服務(wù)，可以提供通訊錄查詢以及通話時多媒體傳輸。

據(jù)介紹，5G消息業(yè)務(wù)（5G messaging service）是終端原生基礎(chǔ)短消息服務(wù)的全新升級（an upgrade to the existing standard SMS messaging），依照交互方式大致可分為兩類：即個人用戶之間（P2P communication），以及企業(yè)與個人用戶之間的信息交互（B2C reach）。

對于個人用戶而言，5G消息將打破傳統(tǒng)短信對每條信息的長度限制（no word limits），內(nèi)容方面也將突破文字局限，實現(xiàn)文字、圖片、音頻、視頻、位置等信息的有效融合（an integration of texts,images, audio, video and location information）。

對于企業(yè)而言，5G消息將為其提供與個人用戶之間的信息交互接口（interaction between businesses and individuals）。企業(yè)可通過文字、語音、選項卡等富媒體方式向用戶輸出個性化服務(wù)與咨詢。

With the new messaging service, for instance, consumers don't have to download a variety of mobile apps. They can directly buy train tickets and book flights by sending messages.
比如，使用5G消息后，用戶不需要下載各種移動應(yīng)用軟件，可以直接通過消息窗口購買火車票或者預(yù)訂航班。

此外，5G消息還支持加密傳輸（encrypted transmission）、圖形密碼（graphic verification code）等信息交互方式，可提供信息安全保障，保護用戶隱私。

簡單而言，5G消息是短信和彩信的升級版，可以發(fā)送圖文、音視頻等更加豐富的內(nèi)容信息；與現(xiàn)有即時通訊類APP的區(qū)別是，5G消息以手機號作為用戶ID，無需另外安裝APP，也無需添加好友或關(guān)注企業(yè)號碼，即可實現(xiàn)消息收發(fā)（send and receive messages without friending others or following business accounts）。

The global telecom industry association GSMA has reached a consensus that RCS will become the mandatory function of 5G smartphones.
全球移動通信系統(tǒng)協(xié)會已達成共識，5G消息將成為5G手機的必備功能。

The three telecom carriers disclosed in March that they would invest about 180 billion yuan on 5G this year. They will also build 550,000 5G base stations this year.
三大運營商上月透露，他們今年將在5G領(lǐng)域投資1800億元，年內(nèi)建設(shè)55萬個5G基站。

伴侶動物 companion animal

農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部近日制訂了《國家畜禽遺傳資源目錄(征求意見稿)》，就畜禽目錄向社會公開征求意見。

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has excluded dogs from its draft list of edible terrestrial animals.
農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在這份目錄征求意見稿中未將狗列為可食用陸生動物。

The draft has proposed as edible species the 18 traditional forms of livestock including pigs, cattle, chickens and ducks, alongside 13 special species including ostriches, silver foxes and minks.
該目錄包括可食用的傳統(tǒng)畜禽18種，包括豬、牛、雞、鴨等，特種畜禽13種，包括鴕鳥、銀狐、水貂等。

在針對目錄的說明中，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部專門提到，

Excluding dogs - an essential human companion animal - is a common global practice and is considered a sign of civilization.
狗是人類伴侶動物，不將其列入目錄是國際通行的做法，也是文明的象征。

今年2月《全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會關(guān)于全面禁止非法野生動物交易、革除濫食野生動物陋習(xí)、切實保障人民群眾生命健康安全的決定》發(fā)布以來，關(guān)于哪些動物能吃，引發(fā)了廣泛的社會討論，《目錄》的制定意味著這一問題將有官方定論。

農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示，在目錄制訂過程中，主要掌握四個原則：

一是堅持科學(xué)，列入目錄的畜禽須經(jīng)過長期人工飼養(yǎng)馴化（long-term breeding and taming by human），有穩(wěn)定的人工選擇經(jīng)濟性狀；

二是突出安全，優(yōu)先保障食品安全（food safety）、公共衛(wèi)生安全（public health safety）、生態(tài)安全（environmental safety）；

三是尊重民族習(xí)慣（respect ethnic customs），考慮多民族生產(chǎn)生活需要和傳統(tǒng)文化等因素；

四是與國際接軌，參照國際通行做法和國際慣例（follow global practice）等。

目錄里包括的動物有哪些？

目錄包括傳統(tǒng)畜禽和特種畜禽共31個種，其中傳統(tǒng)畜禽18種：豬、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛、牦牛、大額牛、綿羊、山羊、馬、驢、駱駝、兔、雞、鴨、鵝、火雞、鴿、鵪鶉；特種畜禽13種：梅花鹿、馬鹿、馴鹿、羊駝、珍珠雞、雉雞、鷓鴣、綠頭鴨、鴕鳥、水貂、銀狐、藍狐、貉。

農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示，列入目錄的畜禽（livestock），適用《畜牧法》，由畜牧獸醫(yī)主管部門管理；目錄所列物種的野外種群（wild population of the listed species），以及目錄之外的陸生野生動物（wild terrestrial animals），適用《野生動物保護法》，由林業(yè)和草原部門管理。

就業(yè)歧視 job discrimination

隨著湖北地區(qū)疫情防控形勢好轉(zhuǎn)，各地復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)進程加速，外出務(wù)工的湖北籍勞動者不斷增多。但有媒體報道，一些地方出現(xiàn)了湖北籍勞動者受到區(qū)別對待、難找工作甚至被無故辭退的情況。

China's top legislature has called on governments to offer more aid to laborers from regions hit hard by the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak when they return to work to help them overcome difficulties such as discrimination and ensure fair employment and the orderly resumption of production.
全國人大常委會呼吁各級政府為新冠肺炎疫情嚴重地區(qū)的務(wù)工人員返崗提供支持，幫助他們解決就業(yè)歧視等困難，確保就業(yè)公平及有序復(fù)工。

全國人大常委會法工委社會法室主任郭林茂今表示：

Labor is a basic constitutional right of citizens, and the Chinese Labor Law is clear on guaranteeing fair employment and prohibiting job discrimination.
勞動權(quán)是憲法賦予公民的一項基本權(quán)利。我國勞動法律對保障勞動者公平就業(yè)、禁止就業(yè)歧視作了明確規(guī)定。

規(guī)定主要包括以下幾個方面：

一是就業(yè)促進法規(guī)定，國家把擴大就業(yè)放在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的突出位置（uphold the importance of expanding employment in the country's economic and social development），各級人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)創(chuàng)造公平就業(yè)環(huán)境（ensure employment equality），多渠道擴大就業(yè)（expand job opportunities in various ways）。

二是根據(jù)勞動法、就業(yè)促進法，國家保障勞動者公平就業(yè)，反對任何形式的就業(yè)歧視。用人單位以勞動者地域不同為由解除勞動合同，也違反勞動合同法相關(guān)規(guī)定，應(yīng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)法律責(zé)任（employers who terminated contracts on the grounds of employees' place of origin were in breach of the Chinese Labor Contract Law and should bear legal liability）。

三是各級人力資源和社會保障部門依法對用人單位執(zhí)行勞動法律、法規(guī)的情況進行監(jiān)督檢查（monitor whether the applicable laws are being enforced），對違法行為予以制止，并責(zé)令改正（deter and correct employers' misconduct）。

郭林茂指出，

People from Hubei, especially those from Wuhan, capital of the province, were tenacious and brave during the outbreak, with strict enforcement of the epidemic control rules and extremely great efforts in fighting the disease, so we need to provide more help for them when they return to work.
在疫情防控戰(zhàn)中，湖北人民特別是武漢人民不畏艱險、頑強不屈，自覺服從疫情防控大局需要，主動投身疫情防控斗爭，付出了極大努力。我們需要為湖北籍勞動者返崗就業(yè)提供更多幫助。

Regional discrimination in recruitment damages laborers' equal employment rights. It is neither legal nor beneficial in consolidating the results of epidemic control work and promoting social economic development.
地域歧視損害了勞動者公平就業(yè)的權(quán)利，既不合法，更不利于鞏固疫情防控成果和促進經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展。

滅活疫苗 inactivated vaccines

國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制科研攻關(guān)組表示，我國兩款新冠病毒滅活疫苗獲得國家藥品監(jiān)督管理局一二期合并的臨床試驗許可，相關(guān)臨床試驗同步啟動。

The two vaccines are China's first batch of COVID-19 inactivated vaccines that have obtained clinical trial approval. Using killed pathogenic microorganisms for enhancing the immunogenicity, the vaccines have advantages of mature production process, controllable quality standards and wide protection range.
此次獲批進入臨床試驗的兩款滅活疫苗是我國首批獲得臨床研究批件的新冠病毒滅活疫苗，是一種殺死病原微生物但仍保持其免疫原性的疫苗，具有生產(chǎn)工藝成熟、質(zhì)量標(biāo)準可控、保護范圍廣等優(yōu)點。

They can be used for large-scale vaccination, and their safety and effectiveness can by judged by internationally accepted standards.
這兩款疫苗可用于大規(guī)模接種，并且有國際通行標(biāo)準來判斷疫苗的安全性和有效性。

疫苗對疫情防控至關(guān)重要。疫情發(fā)生以來，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制科研攻關(guān)組專門設(shè)立疫苗研發(fā)專班，按照滅活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重組蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒載體疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、減毒流感病毒載體活疫苗（vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）5條技術(shù)路線共布局12項研發(fā)任務(wù)，目前均在穩(wěn)步推進。

China has laid a solid foundation for research in inactivated vaccines, which has been widely used to fight hepatitis A, influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease and poliomyelitis.
我國的滅活疫苗有較好研究基礎(chǔ)，甲肝滅活疫苗、流感滅活（裂解）疫苗、手足口病滅活疫苗、脊髓灰質(zhì)炎滅活疫苗等均已廣泛應(yīng)用。

這兩款新冠病毒滅活疫苗分別由國藥集團中國生物武漢生物制品研究所、北京科興中維生物技術(shù)有限公司聯(lián)合有關(guān)科研機構(gòu)開發(fā)而成。

據(jù)了解，上述獲得臨床試驗許可的企業(yè)具備大規(guī)模滅活疫苗生產(chǎn)能力（the capacity for large-scale production），根據(jù)國家相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，已為緊急使用做好準備。

世衛(wèi)組織“斷供” suspend funding WHO

美國總統(tǒng)特朗普4月14日宣布，美國暫停向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供資金。

US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.
美國總統(tǒng)特朗普表示，他已指示其政府暫停向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供資金。他說，世衛(wèi)組織在應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情時“沒有履行其基本職責(zé)”。

Mr Trump said funding would be on hold for 60 to 90 days pending a review of the WHO’s warnings about the coronavirus and China.
特朗普表示，暫停提供資金的期限將持續(xù)60到90天，在此期間將對世衛(wèi)組織就新冠病毒及中國疫情發(fā)出的警示信息進行評估。

特朗普在白宮記者會上表示：

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have deep concerns whether America’s generosity has been put to the best use possible. The reality is that the WHO failed to adequately obtain, vet and share information in a timely and transparent fashion.
隨著新冠肺炎疫情暴發(fā)，我們非常關(guān)心美國的慷慨是否物盡其用?，F(xiàn)實是，世衛(wèi)組織未能及時透明地充分獲取、篩選及分享信息。

If we cannot trust them, if this is what we will receive from the WHO, our country will be forced to find other ways to work with other nations to achieve public health goals.
如果我們不能信任他們，如果這就是我們從世衛(wèi)組織得到的，我國就不得不尋找其他途徑與其他國家合作來達到公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的目標(biāo)。

 

聯(lián)合國秘書長古特雷斯對此回應(yīng)稱，世界衛(wèi)生組織必須得到支持。

António Guterres, the UN secretary general, declared now was “not the time to reduce the resources for the operations of the World Health Organization or any other humanitarian organization in the fight against the virus.
古特雷斯表示，疫情當(dāng)前，現(xiàn)在不是減少對世衛(wèi)組織或者任何一個人道主義組織資源支持的時候。

“As I have said before, now is the time for unity and for the international community to work together in solidarity to stop this virus and its shattering consequences,” he said in a statement.
我之前說過，國際社會現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該團結(jié)一致、攜手聚力，共同阻止這個病毒及其產(chǎn)生的破壞性后果。

世衛(wèi)組織的資金來源

WHO’s Programme Budget is financed through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country's wealth and population.
世衛(wèi)組織的規(guī)劃預(yù)算資金來自評定會費和自愿捐款。評定會費是國家作為本組織會員國交納的費用。每一會員國交納的費用按本國的財富和人口狀況計算。

Assessed contributions have declined as an overall percentage of the Programme Budget and have, for several years, accounted for less than one quarter of the organization’s financing. The balance is mobilized through voluntary contributions.
評定會費占規(guī)劃預(yù)算的總百分比有所減少，近幾年占比還不到該組織資金總額的四分之一。其余資金通過自愿捐款籌集。

However, assessed contributions remain a key source of financing for the organization, providing a level of predictability, helping to minimize dependence on a narrow donor base, and allowing resources to be aligned to the Programme Budget.
但評定會費仍是該組織資金的一個主要來源，它提供了一定程度的可預(yù)測性，有助于降低對少量捐助方的依賴，使資源水平能夠與規(guī)劃預(yù)算保持一致。

WHO assessed contributions are due and payable as of 1 January from all WHO Member States and Associate Members (currently 194 Member States and 2 Associate Members).
世衛(wèi)組織各會員國和準會員（目前共有194個會員國和兩個準會員）需于1月1日繳付世衛(wèi)組織評定會費。

Where the total annual assessed contribution for a Member State is $200,000 or greater, that Member's contributions are assessed half in United States dollar and half in Swiss francs, otherwise, contributions are assessed in United States dollars only.
如會員國年評定會費總額為20萬美元或更多，則會費一半按美元評定，一半按瑞士法郎評定。如會員國年評定會費總額低于20萬美元，會費應(yīng)全部按美元評定。

The US is the WHO's biggest funder, providing $400m last year - just under 15% of its total budget.
美國是世衛(wèi)組織最大的資金提供方，去年提供了4億美元的資金支持，占該組織總預(yù)算近15%。

The organization launched an appeal in March for $675m to help fight the pandemic.
上個月，世衛(wèi)組織曾發(fā)起捐款呼吁，希望能為抗擊新冠肺炎疫情籌集6.75億美元的資金。

對于特朗普關(guān)于世衛(wèi)組織沒有及時分享疫情信息的指責(zé)，美國媒體做了時間線的梳理。

CNBC報道稱：

WHO started sounding the alarm on the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China, in mid-January, designating the now Covid-19 pandemic as a global health emergency on Jan 30 when there were just 8,200 cases in 18 countries across the world.
世衛(wèi)組織1月中旬開始發(fā)出警報，稱一種新型冠狀病毒疫情在中國暴發(fā)，1月30日就宣布如今被稱為新冠肺炎大流行病的疫情為國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，當(dāng)時全球只有18個國家報告了8200例確診病例。

The WHO’s global emergency declaration on Jan 30 was nearly a month before Trump tweeted that “The Coronavirus is very much under control in the USA” and six weeks before he declared a national emergency on March 13.
1月30日，世衛(wèi)組織宣布國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，過了將近一個月，特朗普還在發(fā)推特說，“美國把新冠病毒控制得很好”，過了6個星期，他才在3月13日宣布美國進入國家緊急狀態(tài)。

Two days earlier, on March 11, WHO officials declared the outbreak a pandemic, when there were just 121,000 global cases.
在此兩天前，3月11日，世衛(wèi)組織官員宣布新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，當(dāng)時全球只有12.1萬病例。

包機 charter flights

民航局4月15日介紹，國際客運航班調(diào)整以來，平均每天入境旅客維持在兩三千人左右。此外，疫情發(fā)生以來，民航局安排臨時航班（包機）赴疫情嚴重國家接回中國公民。

Sixteen Chinese charter planes flew to Iran, Italy, Britain, the United States and Spain from March 4 to April 13, bringing back home 2,744 Chinese, including 1,449 students studying abroad, Xiong Jie, spokesperson for the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said at an online press conference.
民航局新聞發(fā)言人熊杰在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布會上表示，3月4日至4月13日，民航局共安排16架次包機協(xié)助在伊朗、意大利、英國、美國、西班牙的2744名中國公民回國，其中留學(xué)生1449名。

【單詞講解】

Charter這個詞在表示“包租、租用”之意時既可以用作動詞，也可以用作形容詞，比如：They chartered a boat for deep-sea fishing.或者The charter boat is used for deep-sea fishing.（他們包了一條船用來深海捕魚。）所以，我們這里說到的“包機”用charter plane/flight或chartered plane/flight都是可以的。

未來幾周，民航局將根據(jù)國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制部署，及時啟動重大航空運輸保障機制。

按照國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制的具體部署，執(zhí)行的重大運輸任務(wù)主要包括安排臨時航班（包機）赴疫情嚴重國家接回中國公民任務(wù)（ bring Chinese studying or living abroad back home）、援外醫(yī)療專家組（chartered flights to send medical experts to countries hit hard by COVID-19）和相關(guān)省份聯(lián)合工作組包機任務(wù)和援非物資運輸任務(wù)（send medical materials to African countries）三方面。

The CAAC will provide convenience to overseas students in countries severely affected by the virus and who are in difficulties to "help them return home in a step-by-step and orderly fashion.
民航局將按照逐步、有序的方式，對疫情嚴重國家、確有困難急需回國的留學(xué)人員回國提供便利。

Data showed that as of Tuesday, China had sent a total of 575 charter flights carrying 134 medical professionals and working staff and 9,544 tons of anti-epidemic supplies to 64 countries including the United States, Italy and Japan to help them combat the virus.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至4月14日，共執(zhí)行相關(guān)客、貨包機任務(wù)575架次，運送134名援外醫(yī)療專家組和聯(lián)合工作組人員，運輸抗疫物資9544噸，涉及美國、意大利、日本等64個國家。

On April 5, the administration arranged for a chartered flight to transport 37.6 tons of medical supplies to 18 countries in central and western Africa.
4月5日，民航局安排一架次包機運送援助中西非18個國家的37.6噸物資。

消費券 coupons

為活躍消費市場，從4月19日起，武漢市人民政府將陸續(xù)向全體在漢人員投放5億元的“武漢消費券”，以支持全市商貿(mào)和文旅行業(yè)復(fù)工、復(fù)產(chǎn)、復(fù)市。

The municipal government of Wuhan will hand out the vouchers weekly via the online platforms of Alibaba, Meituan Dianping and Tencent. The above three e-commerce giants will also offer their own coupons worth a total of 1.8 billion yuan, which may be used together with the government-issued vouchers. The first stage of distribution will be from April 19 to May 31, and the second stage from June 1 to July 31.
“武漢消費券”將在阿里巴巴、美團點評、騰訊等3家企業(yè)自有線上平臺上按周投放，總體投放分兩期執(zhí)行。其中，第一期為4月19日至5月31日，第二期為6月1日至7月31日。阿里巴巴、美團點評、騰訊等3家企業(yè)還匹配了總價值約18億元的消費券，消費者可將“武漢消費券”與3家企業(yè)的消費券疊加使用。

【單詞講解】

這里說到“消費券”時用了voucher和coupon兩個詞，根據(jù)《劍橋英語詞典》的解釋，voucher指的是a piece of paper that can be used to pay for particular goods or services or that allows you to pay less than the usual price for them（可以直接用來購買或者以低于定價的金額購買特定商品或服務(wù)的紙質(zhì)憑證），coupon是：a piece of paper that can be used to get something without paying for it, or at a reduced price（可以免費或者以折扣價格獲得某物的紙質(zhì)憑證）。從這個解釋來看，二者意思很接近，基本可以互相替換使用。

如果詳細區(qū)分一下的話，coupon多指“優(yōu)惠券”，比如，快餐店推出的15元午餐券、第二杯半價的冷飲券等，消費者拿著這種券去消費的時候，就可以券上的金額購買對應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品。而voucher多指“代金券”，比如，餐廳推出的消費滿300元送50元代金券，下次消費時，這50元代金券就可以直接在結(jié)賬時使用。

首期“武漢消費券”根據(jù)不同消費種類設(shè)置不同面額（face value）。

餐飲消費券和超市（便利店）消費券包含10元和20元兩種面額，商場消費券和文體旅游消費券包含50元和80元兩種面額。

Consumers will be able to use the vouchers for offline payments in restaurants, shopping malls, supermarkets, convenience stores and cultural and tourist sites.
消費者可在餐館、商場、超市、便利店以及文化旅游點線下消費時使用消費券。

隨著國內(nèi)新冠肺炎疫情得到控制，各地為了擴大居民消費，促進消費回補和潛力釋放陸續(xù)發(fā)放消費券。

So far, more than 20 provinces and cities in China have launched voucher campaigns, worth over 5.6 billion yuan.
到目前為止，國內(nèi)已有20多個省市發(fā)放了價值超過56億元的消費券。

A survey conducted by Alipay shows that over 10 million businesses have benefited from the nationwide voucher campaigns, with over 90 percent of them being micro, small and medium-sized businesses.
支付寶調(diào)查顯示，有1000多萬家企業(yè)從全國各地的消費券活動中受益，其中90%以上為中小微企業(yè)。

“未見異?！苯】禒顟B(tài) health status of "no sign of abnormality"

Beijing will allow commuters from the neighboring regions of Hebei province and Tianjin to apply for the health status of "no sign of abnormality" in its health mini-program to facilitate their commute, said Li Sufang, deputy head of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.
北京市發(fā)展改革委副主任李素芳表示，本市及津冀地區(qū)往返人員可以通過“北京健康寶”小程序申請“未見異?！】禒顟B(tài)”，為其出行提供便利。

“北京健康寶”是一個方便個人查詢自身防疫相關(guān)健康狀態(tài)（health status）的小工具，所有在京及進（返）京人員均可使用。查詢結(jié)果包含“集中觀察（concentrated observation）”、“居家觀察（home-based observation）”以及“未見異常（no sign of abnormality）”三種狀態(tài)，分別用紅色、黃色以及綠色進行標(biāo)識。

近日，依托國家政務(wù)服務(wù)平臺，北京健康寶在原有功能基礎(chǔ)上，拓展完成了京津冀往返、商務(wù)出行及入境進京等功能。

Those who will be granted the status of "no sign of abnormality" should have stayed in low-risk areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for the last 14 days, are not confirmed cases, suspected cases, close contacts or silent carriers recorded by national or local health aothorities, and not under home-based or concentrated observation.
近14日駐留地為京津冀低風(fēng)險地區(qū)的人員，且不屬于國家或北京市衛(wèi)健部門掌握的確診、疑似、密接、無癥狀感染人員，及不在北京市居家或集中隔離的人員，可獲得“未見異常”健康狀態(tài)。

獲得“未見異?！苯】禒顟B(tài)的，入住酒店期間，可憑此在多場景有效使用。

在便利商務(wù)出行方面，天津、河北以外省市低風(fēng)險地區(qū)來京出差人員，按照北京市酒店入住管理的相關(guān)措施，持有7日內(nèi)核酸檢測陰性證明（negative result of nucleic acid test within 7 days），或在酒店進行核酸檢測呈陰性并接受酒店健康管理，入住酒店后，依據(jù)酒店入住登記信息，可通過“健康寶”申請健康狀態(tài)。

穩(wěn)就業(yè) ensure employment

4月21日，人社部舉行一季度新聞發(fā)布會，介紹了一季度人力資源和社會保障工作進展情況。

To offset COVID-19's impact on the job market, China has taken measures to ensure employment and promote work resumption, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS).
人社部表示，為了對沖新冠肺炎疫情對就業(yè)市場的影響，我國采取了一系列措施穩(wěn)定就業(yè)，推進復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。

一季度，人社部積極應(yīng)對疫情，推動各項政策措施落實落細，實行項目化管理，采取五大措施穩(wěn)就業(yè)，取得了階段性成效。

一是拓渠道。全面推進復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，加快恢復(fù)和穩(wěn)定就業(yè)。

In the first quarter of 2020, the ministry has helped over 10,000 central and local key enterprises recruit nearly 500,000 people to ensure the orderly production of medical supplies and daily necessities.
今年一季度，人社部幫助1萬多家中央和地方重點企業(yè)解決招用工近50萬人，確保醫(yī)療物資和日常必需品的有序生產(chǎn)。

Meanwhile, the country offered "point-to-point" non-stop transportation for nearly 5.9 million migrant workers to help them return to work.
同時，“點對點”一站式運送農(nóng)民工近590萬人，幫助他們返崗。

二是穩(wěn)崗位。打出了“免減緩返補”的援企穩(wěn)崗擴就業(yè)政策組合拳。

The ministry exempted employers from 232 billion yuan social security fees by the end of March to reduce labor costs, and handed back another 38.8 billion yuan for the employers' portion of jobless benefits to 3.02 million businesses that didn't lay off workers. Nearly 10 billion yuan were given out in a separate move to encourage employers to hire unemployed people.
截至3月底，人社部免除企業(yè)社保費2320億元，幫助企業(yè)削減勞力成本。此外，共發(fā)放失業(yè)保險穩(wěn)崗返還388億元，惠及企業(yè)302萬戶；累計支出就業(yè)補助資金近百億元，支持企業(yè)吸納就業(yè)。

三是保重點。高校畢業(yè)生，是抓好就業(yè)工作的重中之重。

The ministry will further expand employment channels and enhance online hiring services for college graduates, whose number is expected to hit a record 8.74 million this year.
人社部將進一步擴展高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)渠道，推動在線招聘服務(wù)。今年我國高校畢業(yè)生為874萬，再創(chuàng)紀錄。

四是優(yōu)服務(wù)。就業(yè)服務(wù)搬上線。

The ministry launched a special online hiring activity, which will last until the end of July, on March 20, offering over 10 million positions for job seekers.
人社部于3月20日推出“百日千萬網(wǎng)絡(luò)招聘專項行動”，該招聘活動將持續(xù)到7月底，提供超過1000萬個工作崗位。

五是兜底線。失業(yè)保險擴面提標(biāo)。

The ministry opened its national unemployment registration service on March 31.The registration service is for unemployed people of working age who have the ability to work and want to find a job, including graduates and people who have left jobs, the ministry said.
人社部于3月31日開通了失業(yè)登記服務(wù)，面向勞動年齡內(nèi)、有勞動能力、有就業(yè)需求、處于無業(yè)狀態(tài)的城鄉(xiāng)勞動者，包括大學(xué)畢業(yè)生以及與企業(yè)解除或終止勞動關(guān)系的勞動者。

Those registered will be able to enjoy free services such as guidance on employment policies and laws, and employment matching. Those eligible for government support, such as unemployment insurance, can apply during the registration process.
登記失業(yè)人員將免費獲得就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)政策法規(guī)咨詢、職業(yè)介紹等服務(wù)。符合失業(yè)保險金領(lǐng)金條件的，可一并辦理失業(yè)登記和失業(yè)保險金申領(lǐng)業(yè)務(wù)。

The registered urban unemployment rate nationwide, based on the number of people who registered for benefits, was 3.66 percent by the end of March, whereas the urban jobless rate based on surveys was 5.9 percent.
一季度末全國城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率3.66%，3月份城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率5.9%。

偷井蓋 theft of manhole covers

針對近年來時有發(fā)生的窨井“吃人、傷人”事件，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部日前聯(lián)合下發(fā)意見，就辦理涉窨井蓋相關(guān)刑事案件作出系統(tǒng)規(guī)定，依法懲治涉窨井蓋犯罪。

The guideline comprises 12 articles, including punishments of ordinary criminal crimes such as theft and destruction of manhole covers as well as crimes of dereliction of duty related to manhole covers.
該指導(dǎo)意見共有12條，包括盜竊、破壞窨井蓋等普通刑事犯罪以及與窨井蓋相關(guān)的瀆職犯罪。

針對第一類犯罪行為，意見規(guī)定：

People who steal or damage manhole covers and cause serious consequences, such as people falling in or vehicles overturning, will be deemed as having committed the crime of sabotaging a means of transport, transportation facilities in accordance with the Chinese Criminal Law.
盜竊、破壞窨井蓋，造成行人跌落或車輛傾覆等嚴重后果的，依照刑法的規(guī)定，以破壞交通設(shè)施罪定罪處罰。

If someone steals or damages manhole covers in crowded places, such as stations, ports, parks, squares, schools or business zones, and the action leads to serious injuries or deaths, he or she may be charged with endangering public safety by dangerous means, the guideline said.
盜竊、破壞車站、港口、公園、廣場、學(xué)校或商業(yè)區(qū)等人員聚集場所的窨井蓋，致人受傷或者死亡的，依照刑法的規(guī)定，以以危險方法危害公共安全罪定罪處罰。

In addition, anyone who deliberately removes or destroys manhole covers despite knowing that the action may cause serious harm to others may be charged with intentional homicide or intentional injury if someone is killed or hurt, the guideline said.
明知會造成人員傷亡后果而實施盜竊、破壞行為，致人受傷或者死亡的，依照刑法的規(guī)定，分別以故意傷害罪、故意殺人罪定罪處罰。

針對第二類犯罪行為，意見規(guī)定：

Those working in state organs who fail to do their job or abuse their power when engaged in manhole cover procurement, construction, acceptance checks, use and inspection, causing heavy losses to public money or property or the interests of the state and the people, will be punished in accordance with the standards for the crimes of dereliction of duty and abuse of power, said the guideline.
在窨井蓋采購、施工、驗收、使用、檢查過程中負有職責(zé)的國家機關(guān)工作人員玩忽職守或者濫用職權(quán)，致使公共財產(chǎn)、國家和人民利益遭受重大損失的，依照刑法規(guī)定，分別以玩忽職守罪、濫用職權(quán)罪定罪處罰。

天問一號 Tianwen-1

4月24日，國家航天局在2020年中國航天日線上啟動儀式上公布：中國行星探測任務(wù)（planetary exploration missions）被命名為“天問（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探測任務(wù)（first Mars exploration mission）被命名為“天問一號”，后續(xù)行星任務(wù)依次編號。

國家航天局總工程師葛小春介紹，

The name comes from the long poem "Tianwen," meaning Heavenly Questions or Questions to Heaven, written by Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC), one of the greatest poets of ancient China.
“天問”來自中國偉大詩人屈原的長詩《天問》。

In "Tianwen," Qu Yuan raised a series of questions in verse involving the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, showing his doubts about some traditional concepts and the spirit of seeking the truth.
《天問》是屈原對于天空、星辰、自然現(xiàn)象、神話和人世等一切事物現(xiàn)象的發(fā)問，體現(xiàn)了他對傳統(tǒng)理念的疑惑以及追求真理的精神。

“天問”這個名字表達了中華民族對于真理追求的堅韌與執(zhí)著（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），體現(xiàn)了對自然和宇宙空間探索的文化傳承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。

國家航天局同時公布了首次火星探測任務(wù)標(biāo)識“攬星九天”。

CNSA also unveiled the logo of China's planetary exploration missions, featuring the letter C, signifying China, international cooperation and capacity of entering space.
國家航天局公布的我國行星探測任務(wù)標(biāo)識展示了字母“C”的形象，匯集了中國（China）、國際合作精神（Cooperation）、進入太空的能力等多重含義。

China plans to launch the Mars probe in 2020, aiming to complete orbiting, landing and roving in one mission.
我國計劃在2020年發(fā)射火星探測器，并在一次任務(wù)內(nèi)完成軌道運行、著陸、巡視的任務(wù)。

移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入流量 mobile data traffic

在國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制4月25日舉辦的新聞發(fā)布會上，工業(yè)與信息化部信息技術(shù)發(fā)展司一級巡視員李穎透露，今年3月戶均移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入流量達到近12月以來的最高點。

In the first quarter of 2020, China's mobile data traffic consumption soared 39.3 percent from the same period of last year, Li told the press conference. In March alone, the average household usage of mobile traffic reached 9.5 GB, the highest level in almost a year, reflecting the rapid growth of information consumption, Li added.
李穎在發(fā)布會上表示，今年一季度，我國移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入流量同比增長39.3%。今年3月戶均移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入流量達到9.5GB，為近12月以來的最高點，反映了信息消費的高增長態(tài)勢。

【單詞講解】

Traffic這個詞可做名詞或動詞使用，用法很多，不過大多數(shù)都跟人員、物品、信息、交通工具等的運送、流動有關(guān)，比如：上班路上遭遇“堵車”可以直接說I am stuck in traffic，飯店的客流量可以說restaurant traffic，法律打擊的“毒品交易”則是drug traffic。在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，traffic指的是：the information or signals transmitted over a communications system（通過一個通信系統(tǒng)傳輸?shù)男畔⒒蛐盘枺?，我們一般稱為“流量”。

During the epidemic period, consumer demand for online medical and education services, as well as food delivery and new retail services, posted explosive growth.
疫情期間，消費者對于在線就醫(yī)和教育服務(wù)，以及食品快遞和新零售服務(wù)的需求呈爆發(fā)性增長。

The internet traffic in Wuhan, in central China's Hubei province, during the epidemic period has seen an increase of around 60 to 70 percent compared with that at the end of last year, said statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).
工信部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，疫情期間湖北省武漢市的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)流量比去年年底增長了60-70%。

During the epidemic period, the broadband network plays key supporting roles in social economic operations, and people's production and life. Meanwhile, the internet also faces great challenges from users' growing operating frequency and demands.
疫情期間，寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)在社會經(jīng)濟運行及人民生產(chǎn)生活中發(fā)揮了重要的支持作用。與此同時，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也面臨用戶不斷增長的使用頻率和需求的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域跨越式發(fā)展使居家辦公、學(xué)習(xí)、消費成為可能

China has seen its fixed broadband users exceed 450 million, and the household penetration of fixed internet exceed 91 percent, said the MIIT statistics.
工信部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國固定寬帶用戶超過4.5億，固定網(wǎng)絡(luò)家庭普及率超過91%。

The user population of 3G, 4G and 5G mobile broadband has exceeded 1.3 billion, with a household penetration of more than 95 percent.
3G、4G、5G移動寬帶用戶已超過13億，家庭普及率超過95%。

Across China, the broadband services have extended to more than 98 percent of administrative villages.
全國范圍內(nèi)，寬帶服務(wù)以及擴展到98%以上的行政村。

五一假期 May Day holiday

文化和旅游部官網(wǎng)發(fā)布旅游提示，提醒廣大游客“五一”出游疫情防控不放松，安全文明記心中。

Tourists are asked to pay close attention to the situation of epidemic risks released by local authorities and the latest epidemic prevention and control measures of their destination, according to a statement on the official website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
文旅部官網(wǎng)發(fā)布的提示指出，游客要密切關(guān)注各地疫情防控部門發(fā)布的疫情風(fēng)險情況，了解目的地最新疫情防控政策。

Tourists are urged to carry out self-protection measures including wearing masks and washing their hands frequently, as well as keeping their distance from others while taking transportation and visiting parks. The use of serving chopsticks and spoons during meals is also recommended, the statement said.
游客要做好自我防護，戴口罩、勤洗手，在乘坐交通工具、入園游覽時，自覺與其他游客保持間距。就餐時使用公筷公勺。

提示同時要求游客避免扎堆，錯峰出游。

The statement also asked tourists to learn in advance about ticket reservations and other measures of scenic spots and devise their itineraries to avoid peak times.
提示建議游客提前了解景點的門票預(yù)約等措施，間隔入園、錯峰旅游。

文旅部提醒游客，自覺遵守旅游目的地和景區(qū)疫情防控制度，接受測量體溫（take temperature）、查驗健康碼（check health QR code）、分時限流、保持間距（social distancing）等要求，對于由此產(chǎn)生的排隊等待給予充分理解。

此前，文旅部和國家衛(wèi)生健康委曾聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于做好旅游景區(qū)疫情防控和安全有序開放工作的通知》。

通知要求：

Tourist attractions are allowed to receive 30 percent of their maximum visitor capacity. Paid scenic spots are required to evaluate the results before launching preferential policies for tickets and entertainment programs.
景區(qū)接待游客量不得超過核定最大承載量的30%，收費景區(qū)在實施臨時性優(yōu)惠政策前要做好評估，防止客流量超限。

Tourist attractions should strengthen management over population flow to prevent mass gatherings. Travelers are required to make reservations and encouraged to visit scenic spots in different time periods.
景區(qū)要強化流量管理，嚴防人員聚集。游客需提前預(yù)約，且建議分時段游覽。

零號病人 patient zero

Chinese scientists said on Monday that it is very unlikely the novel coronavirus was man-made, and finding patient zero is a formidable task that requires global collaboration to succeed.
中國科學(xué)家4月27日表示，新冠病毒是人造的可能性很低，追溯“零號病人”難度很大，需要全球各國攜手展開工作。

【名詞解釋】

“零號病人（patient zero）”往往用來指稱第一個受感染的流行病患者（the first person infected with the virus in an epidemic）。確認“零號病人”，對于病毒溯源和疫情防控有著重要價值。

中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院病原生物學(xué)研究所所長金奇說，

Finding the first infected case is an "extremely difficult scientific problem that requires a great amount of interdisciplinary research". Scientists have yet to find patient zero for the 1918 influenza pandemic, HIV or the H1N1 influenza in 2009.
追溯“零號病人”是“非常難的科學(xué)問題，需要大量的工作，多學(xué)科交叉”。1918年大流感、艾滋病以及2009年暴發(fā)的H1N1流感等大規(guī)模傳染病都沒有找到明確的“零號病人”。

中國疾控中心病毒病預(yù)防控制所學(xué)者劉培培表示，

The increased number of people with COVID-19 antibodies, as well as the existence of asymptomatic patients, are two main obstacles in finding patient zero.
有新冠肺炎抗體的人數(shù)增加以及無癥狀感染者的存在是追溯“零號病人”的兩個主要障礙。

If patient zero is asymptomatic or has very mild symptoms, he or she may not have seen a doctor and left a medical record.
如果“零號病人”為無癥狀或非常輕微的癥狀，那可能沒有去就醫(yī)，沒有留下就診記錄。

China and many other countries are also looking for patient zero. He said he hopes countries can work together to tackle this challenging task.
中國和很多其他國家都在尋找“零號病人”，他希望各國能夠攜手合作應(yīng)對這個挑戰(zhàn)。

收費公路 toll roads

交通運輸部4月28日發(fā)布關(guān)于恢復(fù)收費公路收費的公告。

China's Ministry of Transport announced to restore all tolls across the country from May 6. The move is valid for all toll roads nationwide, including bridges and tunnels, the ministry said in a notice, adding that given vehicles approved by law will continue to be exempted from tolls.
交通運輸部發(fā)布公告，自2020年5月6日零時起，全國收費公路恢復(fù)收費（含收費橋梁和隧道）。與此同時，繼續(xù)落實法定免費通行政策。

【單詞講解】

Toll這個詞可以直接表示“（道路、橋梁）通行費”，所以，沒有必要說toll fee，“收費站”就可以用toll gate、toll booth表示，咱們國家一些法定節(jié)假日期間小型車輛高速公路免費通行則可以說Most expressways in the country are going toll free for passenger cars with fewer than seven seats during the holiday period. 此外，在有關(guān)災(zāi)難事故的新聞報道中見到的toll則表示“（傷亡）人數(shù)”，比如death toll（死亡人數(shù)）、the toll of dead and injured mounted（傷亡人數(shù)增加）。

符合《收費公路管理條例》及相關(guān)規(guī)定的軍隊車輛（含武警部隊車輛）（military vehicles），公安機關(guān)在轄區(qū)內(nèi)收費公路上處理交通事故、執(zhí)行正常巡邏任務(wù)和處置突發(fā)事件的統(tǒng)一標(biāo)志的制式警車（police vehicles），懸掛應(yīng)急救援專用號牌的國家綜合性消防救援車輛（fire and rescue vehicles），經(jīng)國務(wù)院交通主管部門或者省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府批準執(zhí)行搶險救災(zāi)任務(wù)的車輛，鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運輸車輛（vehicles transporting fresh agricultural products），進行跨區(qū)作業(yè)的聯(lián)合收割機和運輸聯(lián)合收割機（包括插秧機）的車輛，繼續(xù)享受免收車輛通行費政策。

此外，保障疫情防控應(yīng)急運輸車輛優(yōu)先便捷通行。

Special needs and fast passes will be set up at expressway toll booths, and guidance of on-site traffic order will be strengthened.
高速公路收費站設(shè)置專用快捷通道，加強現(xiàn)場通行秩序引導(dǎo)維護。

突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng) response to public health emergencies

4月30日零時起，北京將突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件一級響應(yīng)調(diào)整為二級響應(yīng)（lower the emergency response to the novel coronavirus epidemic from the top level to the second level），并相應(yīng)調(diào)整防控策略。

對于響應(yīng)級別調(diào)整，北京市人民政府副秘書長陳蓓介紹：

By the end of Tuesday, 15 of the 16 districts in Beijing had reported zero new local cases for more than 36 days. Chaoyang district, which was listed as the high-risk area for COVID-19 control, has no new local cases for 14 days by Wednesday and will be listed as low-risk area.
截至4月28日24時，北京市16個區(qū)中有15個區(qū)超過36天無新增本土病例報告。截至4月29日，此前被列為新冠肺炎防控高風(fēng)險地區(qū)的朝陽區(qū)已連續(xù)14天無新增報告確診病例，成為低風(fēng)險地區(qū)。

Beijing has been taking strict measures on both domestic and overseas travelers coming to the capital, as well as community control to prevent infection risks, which has proved to be effective. In Beijing, the risk of outbreak has been generally mitigated.
北京采取了嚴把入京關(guān)、境內(nèi)外人員進京關(guān)，以及社區(qū)嚴格疫情防控等有效措施。目前北京疫情防控總體風(fēng)險可控。

北京調(diào)低應(yīng)急響應(yīng)級別后，防控策略調(diào)整涉及哪些方面？

低風(fēng)險地區(qū)返京不再要求隔離14天

People from low-risk regions of China will not need to be quarantined for 14 days at home upon arriving in Beijing. Those who are undergoing concentrated or at-home observation need not continue.
對從國內(nèi)低風(fēng)險地區(qū)返京、出差返京人員，不再要求居家觀察14天。正在居家集中觀察的，可以解除觀察。

But the strict management of inbound personnel and those from high- and medium-risk areas and Hubei, the province once hardest hit by the virus, will continue.
不包括境外回京人員，也不包括湖北含武漢地區(qū)的人員及國內(nèi)其他省市高、中風(fēng)險地區(qū)進京的人員。

快遞外賣中介可憑健康寶綠碼進小區(qū)，親友也可以

Couriers, deliverymen, housekeepers and real estate agents with green health codes will be allowed to enter residential communities, which will remain under closed-off management.
繼續(xù)實施社區(qū)封閉式管理，快遞、外賣、家政服務(wù)以及房屋中介等服務(wù)行業(yè)從業(yè)人員，持“健康寶”綠碼登記后可以進入小區(qū)。

Relative visitors will also be allowed if their health codes are green.
非本小區(qū)居民持“健康寶”綠碼并登記后可進入小區(qū)探親訪友。

入住賓館酒店不再要求提供核酸檢測證明

Hotels in Beijing will not require nucleic acid test results from guests, with only a green health code needed to check-in.
入住賓館酒店的，可憑借“健康寶”綠碼辦理手續(xù)，不再要求提供核酸檢測證明。

有序放開公共交通滿載率限制

The maximum allowable passenger capacity will be raised from 50 percent of full capacity to 75 percent on buses and to 65 percent on subway trains.
地面公交滿載率由50%上調(diào)至75%，軌道交通滿載率由50%上調(diào)至65%。

有序恢復(fù)跨京冀公交線路運營

Bus services between Beijing and some areas in the neighboring Hebei province will resume operations in an orderly manner, and inter-provincial long-distance and chartered bus services will gradually be resumed.
有序恢復(fù)跨京冀公交線路運營，逐步恢復(fù)進出京長途客運班線和旅游包車業(yè)務(wù)。

暫不開放影院、KTV、地下空間健身所、小區(qū)內(nèi)外棋牌室娛樂室

Libraries, museums and galleries will reopen in an orderly manner with restricted numbers of visitors, and cinemas, karaoke houses and underground gymnasiums and natatoria will remain closed.
有序開放圖書館、博物館、美術(shù)館等室內(nèi)公共場所，并實行預(yù)約限流措施。但各影院、KTV、地下空間體育健身場所、游泳館等暫不開放。

戶外環(huán)境原則上可不戴口罩或根據(jù)自身狀況決定

Ordinary people can take off their masks in outdoor public venues if they are not at populated sites like school campuses and stations of public transport. Pregnant women, children and the elderly with poor immunity are still advised to wear their masks on if they need to go to public places.
普通人在戶外可以不戴口罩，校園、公共交通站點等人員密集場所除外。孕產(chǎn)婦、兒童、老人等體質(zhì)弱并需前往公共場所的人員仍建議戴口罩。