2020年3月新聞熱詞匯總

3月，國(guó)內(nèi)新冠肺炎疫情防控形勢(shì)逐步向好，各地開(kāi)始分級(jí)分批推進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。世界其他國(guó)家的疫情傳播態(tài)勢(shì)卻開(kāi)始惡化，多個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)始采取不同程度的封閉管理措施，國(guó)內(nèi)為了防止境外輸入病例也開(kāi)始加強(qiáng)邊境衛(wèi)生檢疫管理。

可重復(fù)使用的口罩 reusable face masks

當(dāng)前，不少城市已經(jīng)開(kāi)始有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，員工出門上班需要戴口罩，自然就出現(xiàn)口罩不夠用的擔(dān)憂。

針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，目前廣東、上海以及北京等地已有企業(yè)研發(fā)出了可重復(fù)使用的口罩。

Last month, companies in Guangdong province, Beijing and Shanghai reported producing a new type of face mask that uses a nanomaterial membrane, rather than the typical melt-blown fabric, to filter bacteria, viruses and other pathogens, according to local health and medical products authorities.
據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療用品管理部門表示，廣東省、北京市以及上海市已于2月上報(bào)稱正在生產(chǎn)一種新型口罩，這款口罩使用的材料不是傳統(tǒng)的熔噴無(wú)紡布，而是用納米材料薄膜材料來(lái)過(guò)濾細(xì)菌、病毒以及其他病原菌。

The new masks are on par with N95 standards, meaning they filter particles of all sizes with at least 95 percent efficiency.
這種新口罩的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與N95相當(dāng)，意味著其過(guò)濾各種顆粒的有效性超過(guò)95%。

The masks are also comfortable, easy to breathe through and can be reused up to 20 times depending on the user's setting and wear time, the authorities said.
管理部門表示，新款口罩佩戴舒適、透氣性好，而且根據(jù)使用者所處的環(huán)境以及佩戴時(shí)間可最多重復(fù)使用20次。

The retail price for the masks created by companies from Shanghai will be around 15 to 20 yuan each.
上海企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的新款口罩零售價(jià)大約在每個(gè)15到20元。

據(jù)企業(yè)自測(cè)，該口罩經(jīng)受沸水、酒精、84消毒液等的反復(fù)消毒處理20次后，過(guò)濾性能（filtering efficiency）仍保持基本穩(wěn)定，但企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品使用推薦中表示，反復(fù)消毒不要超過(guò)10次。

在口罩沒(méi)有破損或者被污染的情況下，普通市民可自己隨時(shí)給口罩消毒（disinfect their masks），其中一種易于操作的方式是，用70度以上熱水浸泡15分鐘（soak the used masks in higher-than-70-degree water for 15 minutes）或者56度以上熱水浸泡30分鐘，浸泡過(guò)的口罩可放在紙巾等吸水性能好的材料表面吸收水分，之后用電吹風(fēng)的熱風(fēng)將口罩吹干。

16個(gè)新職業(yè) 16 new professions

人社部與市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局、國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局近日聯(lián)合發(fā)布了智能制造工程技術(shù)人員、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程技術(shù)人員等16個(gè)新職業(yè)，主要集中在新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

The 16 new professions include intelligent manufacturing technicians, industrial internet technicians, virtual reality technicians, supply chain managers, artificial intelligence trainers, all-media operators, respiratory therapists, among others, according to the statement jointly issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments.
人社部與其他部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布的公告顯示，這16個(gè)新職業(yè)包括智能制造工程技術(shù)人員、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程技術(shù)人員、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)工程技術(shù)人員、供應(yīng)鏈管理師、人工智能訓(xùn)練師、全媒體運(yùn)營(yíng)師、呼吸治療師等。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

據(jù)了解，這是自2015年版《中華人民共和國(guó)職業(yè)分類大典（Occupational Classification System of the People’s Republic of China）》頒布以來(lái)發(fā)布的第二批新職業(yè)。

職業(yè)分類（occupational classification）指按一定的規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及方法，按照職業(yè)的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，把一般特征和本質(zhì)特征相同或相似的社會(huì)職業(yè)，分成并統(tǒng)一歸納到一定類別系統(tǒng)中去的過(guò)程。

我們看到表示職業(yè)的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)用occupation和profession這兩個(gè)詞，在很多情況下，這兩個(gè)詞可以互相替換使用，但在具體的含義上還是稍有區(qū)別。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，occupation可以指所有的“職業(yè)”，而profession多指需要專業(yè)知識(shí)或技術(shù)的職業(yè)，比如：醫(yī)生、律師等，所以，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)用professional這個(gè)名詞來(lái)表示“專業(yè)人士”。

人社部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，此批公布的新職業(yè)由人力資源社會(huì)保障部組織職業(yè)分類專家，嚴(yán)格按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和程序從大量新職業(yè)征集建議中評(píng)估論證（experts carefully and strictly chose all of the 16 new professions based on relevant standards and procedures），并通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體等向社會(huì)公示，廣泛征求相關(guān)部門及社會(huì)各界意見(jiàn)后確定。

此次發(fā)布的其他新職業(yè)還有：連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)管理師（chain operations managers）、網(wǎng)約配送員（delivery personnel for online orders）、電氣電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)保檢測(cè)員（environmental monitors of electrical and electronic products）、健康照護(hù)師（health carers）、出生缺陷防控咨詢師（birth defects prevention consultants）、康復(fù)輔助技術(shù)咨詢師（assistive technology consultants for rehabilitation）、無(wú)人機(jī)裝調(diào)檢修工（drone operation and maintenance personnel）、鐵路綜合維修工（railway general maintenance personnel）和裝配式建筑施工員（prefabricated building constructors）。

在線教育 online education

新冠肺炎疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，教育部多次發(fā)文，推遲春季學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)時(shí)間，同時(shí)要求各地學(xué)校“停課不停學(xué)”，積極開(kāi)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)。

Many provinces are introducing concrete measures to help poverty-stricken students attend online courses while making great efforts to fight the epidemic.

各省在大力抗擊疫情的同時(shí)也出臺(tái)了具體措施幫助貧困學(xué)生參與網(wǎng)課學(xué)習(xí)。

In Guangdong province, the Guangdong Provincial Education Foundation has purchased more than 9,000 tablet computers for junior and senior high school students to attend online courses.
在廣東省，廣東省教育基金會(huì)為初高中學(xué)生購(gòu)買了9000多臺(tái)平板電腦，方便他們上網(wǎng)課。

Students without mobile phones or TVs should go to village committee offices or activity rooms of the Communist Party of China to attend the courses, said the statement issued by local authorities in Henan province.
河南省管理部門表示，沒(méi)有手機(jī)或電視的學(xué)生可以去當(dāng)?shù)卮逦瘯?huì)或活動(dòng)室上網(wǎng)課。

為了進(jìn)一步做好疫情防控期間寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)助教助學(xué)工作，工信部近日要求各地通信管理局及各基礎(chǔ)電信企業(yè)加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋、做好網(wǎng)絡(luò)維護(hù)。

Local administrations and enterprises should also pledge efforts to promote the construction of networks and base stations to enhance network conditions of schools, while online education platforms should continuously optimize their online services, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said.
工信部提出，各地通信管理局要組織基礎(chǔ)電信企業(yè)持續(xù)加大寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基站建設(shè)力度，不斷提升學(xué)校網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件，同時(shí)督促所選用的在線教育服務(wù)提供商不斷優(yōu)化提升平臺(tái)能力。

In the mean time, the ministry encouraged telecom operators to implement preferential measures for impoverished students to ease their pressure of internet charges.
此外，工信部鼓勵(lì)基礎(chǔ)電信企業(yè)重點(diǎn)面向貧困家庭學(xué)生推出優(yōu)惠幫扶舉措，減輕困難學(xué)生用網(wǎng)資費(fèi)壓力。

用眼疲勞 eye fatigue

受新冠肺炎疫情影響，許多職場(chǎng)人士居家辦公，遠(yuǎn)程處理工作事務(wù)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用電腦、手機(jī)。有人甚至表示，居家辦公比上班還累，因?yàn)楦緵](méi)有下班的時(shí)候。

眼科專家表示，這種情況下，合理用眼顯得更加重要。

A break of 10 minutes is necessary to relax the eyes after working continuously for 30 minutes to an hour, said Wei Wenbin, head of the ophthalmology department with Beijing Tongren Hospital, noting that remote working requires looking at screens for a long time, which could lead to eyestrain.
北京同仁醫(yī)院眼科主任魏文斌表示，遠(yuǎn)程工作需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看屏幕，由此導(dǎo)致眼睛疲勞，應(yīng)該在連續(xù)工作30分鐘到1小時(shí)后讓眼睛休息10分鐘。

He called for a distance of 40 cm from computer screens during work and proper background light to reduce eye fatigue.
他還建議，工作時(shí)要與電腦屏幕保持40厘米的距離，同時(shí)保證有適當(dāng)?shù)谋尘罢彰?，以緩解眼睛疲勞?/span>

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

這里的eyestrain和eye fatigue均表示“眼睛疲勞”，有時(shí)eyestrain也寫(xiě)作eye strain，常見(jiàn)的眼睛疲勞癥狀有：眼睛發(fā)熱或發(fā)癢（burning eyes or itchy eyes）、眼睛紅腫（sore or irritated eyes）容易流淚（watery eyes）、視線模糊或重影（blurred or double vision）、眼睛對(duì)光敏感（sensitivity to light），以及肩頸背痛（pain in the neck, shoulders, or back）等。

魏文斌建議，

People should ensure adequate sleep of seven to eight hours each night and exercise at home, including yoga, jogging, or sit-ups, said Wei, adding that computer keyboards should be cleaned regularly to prevent conjunctivitis caused by bacteria.
人們應(yīng)該保證每晚7到8小時(shí)的睡眠，在家也要鍛煉身體，比如：瑜伽、慢跑或仰臥起坐等，此外，要定期清潔電腦鍵盤，以防止由細(xì)菌感染導(dǎo)致的結(jié)膜炎。

此外，健康網(wǎng)站上也列出了一些小貼士。

Looking away from the computer screen up to a distance of 20 feet for 20 seconds every 20 minutes helps in reducing the stress in the eyes.
看屏幕20分鐘后，抬頭眺望20英尺（6米）外的遠(yuǎn)處至少20 秒鐘以上有助于緩解眼部壓力。

Firmly massaging the temples with your fingers in a rotary fashion for a minute while closing your eyes is often helpful in relieving the symptoms.
閉上眼睛，用手指在兩邊太陽(yáng)穴用力揉圈按摩通常會(huì)緩解眼睛疲勞。

Repeated blinking eye exercise should be done for 10 seconds at least 5 times a day.
每天5次，每次10秒鐘做頻繁眨眼練習(xí)。

Changing brightness and contrast levels on your monitor and increasing text size can also be advantageous.
調(diào)整顯示器的亮度和對(duì)比度以及將屏幕上顯示的字體調(diào)大也會(huì)有幫助。

網(wǎng)上就業(yè) online employment

日前，教育部印發(fā)《關(guān)于應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情做好2020屆全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)工作的通知》，就進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)推動(dòng)各地各高校積極應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情，開(kāi)展網(wǎng)上就業(yè)服務(wù)、拓寬就業(yè)和升學(xué)渠道、強(qiáng)化就業(yè)困難幫扶等工作，作出部署安排。

China expects to see a total of 8.74 million college graduates this year, data from the Ministry of Education (MOE) showed.
教育部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，今年我國(guó)將有874萬(wàn)高校畢業(yè)生。

The MOE launched a 24-hour online campus recruitment service to help graduates find jobs amid the COVID-19 epidemic.
為了幫助疫情期間高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)，教育部近期推出了一個(gè)24小時(shí)在線校園招聘服務(wù)。

The free service is available on the ministry's campus recruitment portal and five leading job-hunting websites in China, which had all put in place special pages for the project, according to the ministry.
教育部表示，該服務(wù)在教育部校園招聘平臺(tái)以及國(guó)內(nèi)五家主要社會(huì)招聘網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)推出，這五家招聘網(wǎng)站均為該服務(wù)推出了專門的頁(yè)面。

通知指出，在線招聘要嚴(yán)格信息審核（strictly verify the job information），確保招聘單位及崗位信息真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確。鼓勵(lì)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)人崗信息精準(zhǔn)推送、網(wǎng)上面試（conduct online interview）、網(wǎng)上簽約（sign employment contract online）。

同時(shí)，《通知》還要求要拓寬畢業(yè)生就業(yè)渠道。

The country will expand recruitment in senior high schools and kindergartens where teachers are urgently needed, and encourage more graduates to find jobs or start businesses in sectors including modern agriculture and social public services.
我們將招錄更多高校畢業(yè)生到急需教師的高中和幼兒園任教，引導(dǎo)畢業(yè)生到現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、社會(huì)公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。

College graduates will also be encouraged to join the military.
引導(dǎo)高校畢業(yè)生參軍入伍。

方艙休艙 makeshift hospitals closed

Makeshift hospitals built to treat novel coronavirus infected patients with mild symptoms in Wuhan, Hubei province, the epicenter of the outbreak, are expected to wrap up operation around March 10, China Central Television reported on Sunday.
據(jù)央視3月8日?qǐng)?bào)道，新冠肺炎疫情爆發(fā)地湖北省武漢市臨時(shí)改建的方艙醫(yī)院有望在3月10日全部休艙。方艙醫(yī)院主要用來(lái)治療新冠肺炎輕癥患者。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

“方艙醫(yī)院”是解放軍野戰(zhàn)機(jī)動(dòng)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的一種（part of mobile field medical system of the PLA），在各種應(yīng)急救治中也有廣泛使用?！胺脚撫t(yī)院”一般由醫(yī)療功能單元（medical treatment）、病房單元（ward）、技術(shù)保障單元（technical support）等部分構(gòu)成，是一種模塊化衛(wèi)生裝備，具有緊急救治（emergency treatment）、外科處置（surgical treatment）、臨床檢驗(yàn)（clinical tests）等多方面功能。

Since Feb 5, 14 makeshift hospitals in the city have been operating, with the longest running for 33 days, and treating more than 12,000 cases, it said.

報(bào)道指出，自2月5日以來(lái)，武漢市共有14家方艙醫(yī)院接診患者，其中運(yùn)行時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的為33天，共收治新冠肺炎輕癥患者12000多人。

As of Sunday afternoon, 11 of the 14 hospitals have suspended operation, with their patients either discharged or transferred to designated hospitals, it said.
截至3月8日下午，14家方艙醫(yī)院中已有11家休艙，患者均已出院或轉(zhuǎn)移到了定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院。

There are a little more than 100 patients still being treated in the remaining three makeshift hospitals.
剩余3家方艙醫(yī)院累計(jì)在院患者100多人。

意大利封國(guó) Italy under lockdown

截至當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月9日18時(shí)左右，意大利民防部門負(fù)責(zé)人、新冠病毒應(yīng)急委員會(huì)專員安杰洛·博雷利在例行疫情新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，該國(guó)現(xiàn)存新冠肺炎病例7985例，累計(jì)治愈724人；新增死亡病例97例，累計(jì)死亡463人。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月9日夜間，意大利總理孔特宣布，因新冠疫情嚴(yán)峻，人員流動(dòng)緊急管控措施將擴(kuò)大至意大利全境（extend the emergency quarantine measures across the entire country）。

孔特表示：

“The figures show we are experiencing a serious increase in infections, an increase in people hospitalised in intensive care – and an increase, unfortunately, in deaths. We need to change our lifestyle. We need to change it now. That’s why I have decided to adopt these hard measures,” said Conte.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我們國(guó)家目前的感染人數(shù)、重癥人數(shù)以及，很不幸的，死亡人數(shù)均在顯著增加。我們需要改變生活方式，需要立即改變。因此我決定采取這些強(qiáng)硬的措施。

"The whole of Italy will become a protected zone," he added.
“整個(gè)意大利要成為一個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)?！?/span>

"We all must give something up for the good of Italy. We have to do it now.
我們都應(yīng)該為意大利的安好做出一些犧牲，我們必須這么做。

“There is no more time. I will take responsibility for these measures. Our future is in our hands,” he told reporters.
“沒(méi)有時(shí)間了，我會(huì)為這些措施負(fù)責(zé)，我們的未來(lái)在我們自己手上?！?/span>

孔特將此次管控措施稱為“我待在家（I stay at home）”，具體措施包括：

People are forbidden to gather in public.
禁止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所聚集。

All public events will be banned, cinemas, theatres, gyms, discos and pubs closed, and funerals and weddings cancelled.
禁止所有公共活動(dòng)，電影院、劇院、健身房、迪廳及酒吧全部關(guān)閉，婚禮、葬禮全部取消。

All sporting events - including football matches - are suspended nationwide. Schools and universities will remain closed until April 3.
全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)暫停所有體育活動(dòng)，包括足球賽事。各類學(xué)校在4月3日之前保持關(guān)閉。

Those who have to leave their region or their cities out of serious necessity can do so only if they have self-certification stating that they must cross the borders for compelling business reasons, health reasons, or because they have to return home.
因緊迫的工作需要、健康需要或者家庭需要而離開(kāi)當(dāng)前城市或地區(qū)的，需提供相應(yīng)的證明后才能出行。

There are controls at train stations to check the temperatures of passengers. Cruise ships are also forbidden to dock at various ports.
火車站設(shè)立檢查站檢測(cè)乘客體溫。禁止游輪?？烤硟?nèi)港口。

People may face fines and up to three months in jail for breaking quarantine rules.
違反疫情防控規(guī)定者或面臨罰款以及最高3個(gè)月的監(jiān)禁。

中低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū) medium- and low-risk areas

湖北省新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指揮部3月10日發(fā)布通告稱，為落實(shí)分區(qū)分級(jí)分類分時(shí)差異化防控策略，推進(jìn)企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)和人員安全有序流動(dòng)，決定開(kāi)展湖北健康碼發(fā)放工作。

Via a mobile app, each resident of Hubei province will be granted a colored health QR code. A red code indicates the holder is a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case, a yellow one indicates a close contact, while a green one means the holder has no contact with any cases.

湖北省居民可通過(guò)手機(jī)程序獲得不同顏色的健康碼。紅色碼代表新冠肺炎確診或疑似病例，黃色碼代表密切接觸者，綠色碼代表未接觸過(guò)新冠肺炎相關(guān)人員。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

健康碼（health QR code）是一個(gè)開(kāi)放的系統(tǒng)，可根據(jù)不同地區(qū)需求，結(jié)合各地疫情防控需要快速推出，以最高效的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用。2月11日，杭州在全國(guó)率先推出健康碼，用“紅黃綠”三色二維碼作為數(shù)字化健康證明（digital health certificate），助力疫情防控。

The green code holders from the medium- and low-risk areas will be given green light across the province to promote operation resumption of enterprises while ensuring the safety of the personnel, according to a circular issued by the provincial COVID-19 control headquarters. The green code holders from high-risk areas should follow the specific travel rules of local authorities.
湖北省新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控指揮部表示，中、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)持綠碼人員，全省通行，在確保人員安全的情況下推進(jìn)企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)；高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)持綠碼人員，按照當(dāng)?shù)胤揽刂笓]部規(guī)定出行。

The yellow code holders will not be allowed to travel and those carrying red codes must be quarantined and treated, said the headquarters.
持黃碼人員不予放行，持紅碼人員按疫情防控要求由當(dāng)?shù)厥罩?、隔離。

The colors of the health codes may switch based on the health conditions of the holders.
健康碼根據(jù)個(gè)人健康狀況進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

那么，不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)是如何劃定的呢？

依據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院應(yīng)對(duì)新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制《關(guān)于科學(xué)防治精準(zhǔn)施策分區(qū)分級(jí)做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

Cities, counties and districts with no newly confirmed cases in the last 14 days are categorized as low-risk regions, those with fewer than 50 cases or those with over 50 but without a concentrated outbreak are classified as medium-risk regions, and those with over 50 cases as well as a concentrated outbreak are classified as high-risk regions.
即以縣市區(qū)為單位，無(wú)確診病例或連續(xù)14天無(wú)新增確診病例為低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)；14天內(nèi)有新增確診病例，累計(jì)確診病例不超過(guò)50例，或累計(jì)確診病例超過(guò)50例，14天內(nèi)未發(fā)生聚集性疫情為中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)；累計(jì)病例超過(guò)50例，14天內(nèi)有聚集性疫情發(fā)生為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。

綠化 afforestation

全國(guó)綠化委員會(huì)辦公室3月11日發(fā)布《2019年中國(guó)國(guó)土綠化狀況公報(bào)》。

China has made new strides in advancing afforestation in 2019 with the area of newly created forests totaling 7.067 million hectares, the report said.
公報(bào)指出，2019年我國(guó)國(guó)土綠化事業(yè)取得了新成績(jī)，全國(guó)共完成造林706.7萬(wàn)公頃。

【單詞講解】

這里的afforestation讀作[??f?r??ste??n]，是個(gè)名詞，其英文解釋為the process of planting large numbers of trees on land which has few or no trees on it，即“在原本樹(shù)木稀少或者沒(méi)有樹(shù)木的土地上大量種樹(shù)的過(guò)程”，也就是我們所說(shuō)的“植樹(shù)造林”，由此可見(jiàn)，這是一個(gè)人為綠化的過(guò)程。植樹(shù)造林產(chǎn)生的森林一般稱為“人工林（manmade forest）”，與之相對(duì)的“天然林”就是natural forest。

China also restored a total of 1.745 million hectares of degraded forests nationwide and improved 3.147 million hectares of degraded grasslands last year, according to the report.
去年，全國(guó)共完成退化林修復(fù)174.5萬(wàn)公頃、種草改良草原314.7萬(wàn)公頃。

公報(bào)稱，2019年全民義務(wù)植樹(shù)深入開(kāi)展，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+全民義務(wù)植樹(shù)（internet plus public voluntary tree planting）”不斷拓展，活動(dòng)豐富多彩。

More than 500 million people have participated in a virtual tree planting project in the mobile payment app Alipay. A total of 39,000 hectares of trees had been planted last year via the project, it said.
螞蟻金服集團(tuán)開(kāi)展的虛擬種樹(shù)項(xiàng)目，社會(huì)公眾參與超過(guò)5億人次，植樹(shù)造林3.9萬(wàn)公頃。

此外，2019年草原生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)（grassland ecological protection and restoration）力度加大，濕地保護(hù)修復(fù)（wetland protection and restoration）有效加強(qiáng)，沙區(qū)生態(tài)狀況持續(xù)改善。全國(guó)完成防沙治沙（desertification control）任務(wù)226萬(wàn)公頃，荒漠化土地面積連續(xù)凈減少。

輸入病例 imported COVID-19 cases

3月12日舉行的國(guó)務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委新聞發(fā)言人米鋒指出，總體上，我國(guó)本輪疫情流行高峰已經(jīng)過(guò)去（pass the climax of the novel coronavirus outbreak），新增發(fā)病人數(shù)在持續(xù)下降，疫情總體保持在較低水平。

Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, had eight new coronavirus infections on Wednesday, all in its capital city of Wuhan, Mi said.
米鋒指出，3月11日0時(shí)至24時(shí)湖北新增確診病例8例，全部在省會(huì)武漢。

Regions in Hubei outside of Wuhan have reported no new infections for one week, and outside of Hubei, the Chinese mainland reported seven new cases on Wednesday, including six cases imported from abroad, he said.
湖北除武漢以外，所有地市已連續(xù)1周無(wú)新增確診病例；湖北以外省份，新增確診病例7例，其中6例為境外輸入病例。

他表示，要把醫(yī)療救治工作擺在第一位（treatment of patients remains the top priority），不麻痹（remain vigilant）、不厭戰(zhàn)（avoid succumbing to battle fatigue）、不松勁，毫不放松抓緊各項(xiàng)防控工作。

同日，國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委高級(jí)別專家組組長(zhǎng)、中國(guó)工程院院士鐘南山表示，預(yù)測(cè)本次疫情在6月結(jié)束是可以期待的。

Zhong said that there still exists the possibility that the COVID-19 outbreak could end in June, but this hinges on all countries taking full and active measures to tackle it.
鐘南山表示，預(yù)測(cè)本次疫情在6月結(jié)束是可以期待的，但是這要取決于各個(gè)國(guó)家采取全面積極的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

If some countries do not pay full attention to the infectious nature and harm of the disease or intervene forcibly, (the outbreak) may be prolonged, Zhong said.
假如一些國(guó)家不重視疫情的危害性和傳染性，不對(duì)新冠肺炎進(jìn)行強(qiáng)力干預(yù)，疫情時(shí)間可能還會(huì)延長(zhǎng)。

我國(guó)防控重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)防境外輸入

鐘南山表示，在聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制下，國(guó)內(nèi)疫情已經(jīng)得到了比較好的控制，現(xiàn)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)慢慢轉(zhuǎn)為境外輸入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

"Many imported cases (to China) are asymptomatic. Patients don't necessarily have a fever. They don't think it's a big deal and they arrive in China and find themselves testing positive for the coronavirus," Zhong said.
鐘南山指出，境外輸入病例很多為無(wú)癥狀患者，即不存在發(fā)燒現(xiàn)象。他們覺(jué)得沒(méi)什么大不了，然后到中國(guó)檢測(cè)新冠病毒是陽(yáng)性。

他表示，我國(guó)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)輸入患者的管控，避免境外輸入患者成為新的傳染源，應(yīng)該做到入境人員14日隔離（14-day quarantine）或?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行核酸檢測(cè)（nucleic acid testing）。

就餐指引 dining guidance

北京市商務(wù)局制定的疫情期間餐飲服務(wù)單位經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)指引（3.0版）日前正式發(fā)布，指引對(duì)顧客就餐和餐廳服務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行了細(xì)化。

Diners will not be allowed to sit face-to-face in restaurants and canteens in Beijing during the coronavirus outbreak, according to the latest government notice.
最新版服務(wù)指引提出，新冠肺炎疫情期間，在北京各類餐飲門店就餐時(shí)不得面對(duì)面就坐。

The guidelines also asked outlets of catering firms and canteens of government units and institutes to place dining tables at an interval of at least 1 meter.
指引同時(shí)要求，餐飲企業(yè)及單位食堂餐桌間隔要在1米以上。

該指引適用于北京市的餐飲企業(yè)及其門店、單位食堂、網(wǎng)絡(luò)餐飲服務(wù)第三方平臺(tái)等餐飲服務(wù)單位。

指引要求，餐飲服務(wù)單位要在店內(nèi)外候餐區(qū)（waiting area）、取餐區(qū)（serving area）、結(jié)賬區(qū)（cashier desk）劃設(shè)“一米線”，嚴(yán)格控制排隊(duì)就餐人流密度，提倡使用二維碼掃碼點(diǎn)餐、結(jié)賬（use QR codes for placing orders and paying bills）。餐飲服務(wù)單位要安排專門人員對(duì)就餐人員檢測(cè)體溫，體溫正常方可進(jìn)入餐廳就餐。

指引還要求，內(nèi)部食堂應(yīng)采用分時(shí)段錯(cuò)峰就餐等服務(wù)方式。餐飲服務(wù)單位要全面推行公筷公勺（serving chopsticks and spoons），有條件的餐廳要積極推廣分餐制（serving of individual dishes）。

在就餐環(huán)境方面，指引明確提出，餐廳對(duì)于顧客接觸多的桌面、門把手、水龍頭、走廊、電梯、扶手、洗手間等部位及時(shí)清潔消毒（timely disinfection of tables, doorknobs, faucets, doorways, handrails and restrooms that are regularly touched by customers）。

餐具、飲具和盛放直接入口食品的容器，使用前必須清潔消毒，做到“一客一用一消毒（disinfection after each serving）”。廚余垃圾加蓋、分類及時(shí)清理。

此前，上海、?？?、廣州等城市也已陸續(xù)出臺(tái)類似政策。

妨害國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫罪 the crime of disturbing frontier health and quarantine

3月16日，最高法、最高檢、公安部、司法部、海關(guān)總署五部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫工作 依法懲治妨害國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫違法犯罪的意見(jiàn)》。

According to the guideline, people refusing the health checks or falsifying health statement cards while entering China will be identified as committing the crime of disturbing frontier health and quarantine.

意見(jiàn)規(guī)定，入境時(shí)拒絕接受衛(wèi)生檢疫或者不如實(shí)填報(bào)健康申明卡者將以“妨害國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫罪”定罪處罰。

意見(jiàn)列舉了6類妨害國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫行為，具體包括：

1. 檢疫傳染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人（people with quarantinable infectious diseases or suspected epidemic victims）拒絕執(zhí)行海關(guān)依照國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫法等法律法規(guī)提出的健康申報(bào)（health declaration）、體溫監(jiān)測(cè)（temperature check）、醫(yī)學(xué)巡查（medical inspection）、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查（epidemiological investigation）、醫(yī)學(xué)排查（medical screening）、采樣等衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，或者隔離、留驗(yàn)、就地診驗(yàn)、轉(zhuǎn)診等衛(wèi)生處理措施的。

2. 檢疫傳染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人采取不如實(shí)填報(bào)健康申明卡等方式隱瞞疫情（hide epidemic information），或者偽造、涂改檢疫單、證等方式偽造情節(jié)的（falsifying quarantine forms）。

3. 知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道實(shí)施審批管理的微生物、人體組織、生物制品、血液及其制品等特殊物品可能造成檢疫傳染病傳播，未經(jīng)審批仍逃避檢疫，攜運(yùn)、寄遞出入境的（transport or post special articles that may cause spread of quarantinable infectious diseases）。

4. 出入境交通工具上發(fā)現(xiàn)有檢疫傳染病染疫人或者染疫嫌疑人，交通工具負(fù)責(zé)人拒絕接受衛(wèi)生檢疫或者拒不接受衛(wèi)生處理的（refuse quarantine or sanitation measures）。

5. 來(lái)自檢疫傳染病流行國(guó)家、地區(qū)的出入境交通工具上出現(xiàn)非意外傷害死亡且死因不明的人員，交通工具負(fù)責(zé)人故意隱瞞情況的（people who intentionally hide non-accidental deaths on the public transport that is under their charge and from a region or country where an infectious disease is rampant）。

6. 其他拒絕執(zhí)行海關(guān)依照國(guó)境衛(wèi)生檢疫法等法律法規(guī)提出的檢疫措施的。

海關(guān)總署政策法規(guī)司司長(zhǎng)王軍介紹，疫情發(fā)生后，海關(guān)啟動(dòng)健康申報(bào)制度，這對(duì)于海關(guān)及時(shí)掌握出入境人員的相關(guān)信息、精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人員具有關(guān)鍵作用。

Although some people clearly knew they had COVID-19 symptoms or had been to high-risk countries, they concealed that crucial information to avoid quarantines. Some even took fever-reducing drugs to cover up symptoms and pass inspections, said Wang of the customs administration.
有一些入境人員明知自己已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)染疫的癥狀，或曾經(jīng)去過(guò)疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū)，但是他們故意隱瞞這些關(guān)鍵信息逃避檢疫。甚至有人用吃退燒藥等方式降低體溫，掩蓋發(fā)熱癥狀，在海關(guān)衛(wèi)生檢疫環(huán)節(jié)蒙混過(guò)關(guān)。

他提醒，廣大出入境旅客在出入境時(shí)一定要如實(shí)、完整、準(zhǔn)確地填報(bào)健康申明卡，并配合海關(guān)做好體溫監(jiān)測(cè)、醫(yī)學(xué)巡查、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查等各項(xiàng)衛(wèi)生檢疫措施（follow quarantine measures），這既是對(duì)本人和家人健康安全的保護(hù)，也是必須履行的法律義務(wù)（legal obligation）。

疫苗研發(fā) vaccine research and development

3月17日，國(guó)務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制就藥物疫苗和檢測(cè)試劑研發(fā)攻關(guān)最新情況舉行發(fā)布會(huì)。會(huì)上，中國(guó)工程院院士王軍志表示，我國(guó)新冠疫苗研發(fā)進(jìn)展目前總體上處于國(guó)際先進(jìn)行列，不會(huì)慢于國(guó)外。

Chinese scientists have been racing to develop COVID-19 vaccines by five approaches, namely inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering subunit vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, and vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors, said Wang Junzhi, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中國(guó)工程院院士王軍志說(shuō)，目前，我國(guó)正按照5種技術(shù)路線開(kāi)展新冠疫苗緊急研制，包括滅活疫苗、基因工程重組亞單位疫苗、腺病毒載體疫苗、核酸疫苗以及減毒流感病毒載體疫苗。

王軍志表示，截至目前為止，五大技術(shù)方向總體進(jìn)展順利。

So far, most teams are expected to complete preclinical research in April and some are moving forward faster, said Wang.
大部分研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)4月份都能完成臨床前研究，有的團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)展更快。

Some research team has been enrolling volunteers and applied for clinical trials with the National Medical Products Administration, he added.
有些研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)已向國(guó)家藥監(jiān)局遞交臨床試驗(yàn)申請(qǐng)材料，并且已經(jīng)開(kāi)展招募志愿者等相關(guān)工作。

In general, China's vaccine development against COVID-19 is among the world's front-runners.
我國(guó)新冠疫苗研發(fā)進(jìn)展目前總體上處于國(guó)際先進(jìn)行列。

教育部科技司司長(zhǎng)雷朝滋表示，教育部從春節(jié)就開(kāi)始動(dòng)員有研究?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)的廈門大學(xué)、四川大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、北京大學(xué)等高?？蒲袌F(tuán)隊(duì)，協(xié)同科研院所和相關(guān)企業(yè)加快開(kāi)展新冠病毒疫苗的科研公關(guān)。

Lei said that the flu viral vector-based vaccine is currently under animal tests for safety and efficacy tests and scheduled to apply for the clinical trial by the end of April.
雷朝滋介紹道，流感病毒載體疫苗目前正在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的有效性和安全性研究，預(yù)計(jì)4月底申請(qǐng)臨床試驗(yàn)。

在3月16日舉行的上海疫情防控新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，上海市衛(wèi)健委透露，針對(duì)新冠病毒疫苗研發(fā)，上海已取得積極進(jìn)展。

China would begin testing its messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine, or mRNA vaccine, on primates to evaluate its safety and efficacy, and hopefully the vaccine could enter clinical trials by mid-April.
我國(guó)mRNA（信使RNA）疫苗已啟動(dòng)靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物毒理和藥效預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，預(yù)計(jì)4月中旬臨床試驗(yàn)。

戴口罩指南 guidance on mask wearing

國(guó)務(wù)院應(yīng)對(duì)新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制近日印發(fā)《公眾科學(xué)戴口罩指引》。

Medical masks and surgical masks are sufficient for normal use, and wearing multiple masks does not provide more protection, according to the guideline.
指引指出，醫(yī)用口罩或醫(yī)用外科口罩可用于普通防護(hù)，佩戴多個(gè)口罩并不能增加防護(hù)效果。

指引對(duì)普通公眾（general public）、特定場(chǎng)所人員（people at specific areas）、重點(diǎn)人員（key population groups）以及職業(yè)暴露人員（people with occupational exposure）進(jìn)行分類，并對(duì)不同場(chǎng)景下戴口罩提出科學(xué)建議。

這些情況不建議戴口罩

普通公眾在居家（stay at home）、戶外（outdoors），無(wú)人員聚集（no crowds）、通風(fēng)良好（well-ventilated）的情況下，建議不佩戴口罩。

這些情況佩戴一次性口罩

The public is advised to carry along masks when in crowded places such as offices, shopping malls, restaurants, workshops and public transport. People in high-risk areas should wear surgical masks all the time when entering such places, while those in medium-risk and low-risk areas need to wear medical masks when in contact with others at the distance of less than 1 meter.
普通公眾處于如辦公、購(gòu)物、餐廳、車間、公共交通工具等人員密集場(chǎng)所時(shí)，在中、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)，應(yīng)隨身備用口罩，在與其他人近距離接觸（小于等于1米）時(shí)戴口罩。在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)，戴一次性使用醫(yī)用口罩。

Those who have cold symptoms such as coughing or sneezing, or who live with personnel in quarantine or that have recovered from the novel coronavirus and been discharged from the hospital, are suggested to wear disposable medical or surgical masks.
對(duì)于咳嗽或打噴嚏等感冒癥狀者，建議戴一次性使用醫(yī)用口罩或醫(yī)用外科口罩。對(duì)于與居家隔離、出院康復(fù)人員共同生活的人員，建議戴一次性使用醫(yī)用口罩或醫(yī)用外科口罩。

這些情況建議佩戴防護(hù)口罩

People working in places such as hospitals, train terminals, airports, prisons and nursing homes need to wear surgical masks or respirators of grade KN95/N95 or above.
醫(yī)院、火車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)、監(jiān)獄、養(yǎng)老院等人員密集場(chǎng)所工作人員，建議戴醫(yī)用外科口罩或符合KN95/N95及以上級(jí)別的防護(hù)口罩。

The suspected cases, confirmed cases of novel coronavirus, asymptomatic cases and those who have close contact with confirmed cases are recommended to wear surgical masks or respirators with no breathing valve graded at KN95/N95 or above. Entry personnel need to wear such masks from the moment they enter the country to the end of their required quarantine.
新型冠狀病毒肺炎疑似病例、確診病例和無(wú)癥狀感染者；新型冠狀病毒肺炎密切接觸者；入境人員(從入境開(kāi)始到隔離結(jié)束)，戴醫(yī)用外科口罩或無(wú)呼氣閥符合KN95/N95及以上級(jí)別的防護(hù)口罩。

職業(yè)暴露人員根據(jù)工作內(nèi)容及地點(diǎn)不同，佩戴醫(yī)用外科口罩、醫(yī)用防護(hù)口罩或送風(fēng)過(guò)濾式呼吸防護(hù)器。

心理疏導(dǎo) psychological counseling

國(guó)務(wù)院應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制日前印發(fā)《新冠肺炎疫情心理疏導(dǎo)工作方案》。

The work plan called for sustained psychological counseling services especially for COVID-19 patients, their families, families of fallen patients, vulnerable groups, health workers and those fighting the virus in the front line including police officers and community workers.
方案要求將新冠肺炎患者及家屬、病亡者家屬、弱勢(shì)群體、參與疫情防控醫(yī)務(wù)工作者、公安民警（輔警）和社區(qū)工作者等一線工作人員作為重點(diǎn)，持續(xù)開(kāi)展心理疏導(dǎo)服務(wù)。

方案指出，目前，我國(guó)新冠肺炎疫情防控形勢(shì)發(fā)生積極向好變化（the positive trend in the epidemic prevention and control work is now expanding），不同人群心理狀況也隨之變化。

制定本方案的目標(biāo)是，針對(duì)患者及其家屬、病亡者家屬、一線工作人員等重點(diǎn)人群，開(kāi)展心理疏導(dǎo)、心理干預(yù)等心理服務(wù)，維護(hù)公眾心理健康（maintain public mental health），促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定（promote social harmony and stability）。

方案提出的具體措施要點(diǎn)如下：

The work plan asked community workers to help recovered patients and their families return to their normal lives and prevent stigma around the disease.
社區(qū)工作者要加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者家屬及治愈歸家患者的人文關(guān)懷，幫助患者恢復(fù)正常生活，避免他們因病受到歧視。

Social service organizations and mental health facilities should be mobilized to provide the bereaved families with social support and psychological counseling services as a way to help them handle the grief, the work plan said.
通過(guò)組織動(dòng)員社會(huì)工作者和專業(yè)志愿者等力量，為有心理問(wèn)題的治愈患者及家屬提供精神慰籍、心理?yè)嵛俊⑸鐣?huì)融入等服務(wù)。

In hard-hit regions particularly Hubei and its provincial capital Wuhan, special work teams composed of mental health professionals, social workers and volunteers should be set up for the purposes, according to the work plan.
湖北武漢等受疫情影響嚴(yán)重地區(qū)要組建由精神衛(wèi)生和心理健康專業(yè)人員、社會(huì)工作者以及志愿者等組成的服務(wù)隊(duì)，對(duì)治愈隔離患者提供心理服務(wù)。

Highlighting care for the psychological wellbeing of those working in the front line, it called for efforts to help the general public seek outlets for their unhealthy emotions due to long-term quarantine.
除了強(qiáng)調(diào)要關(guān)愛(ài)一線工作人員的心理健康之外，方案還提出要及時(shí)疏導(dǎo)居民長(zhǎng)期封閉管理產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒。

第一入境點(diǎn) first point of entry

3月19日，民航局、外交部、國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委、海關(guān)總署、移民局聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關(guān)于目的地為北京的國(guó)際航班從指定第一入境點(diǎn)入境的公告（第1號(hào)）》，調(diào)整目的地為北京的部分國(guó)際航班從指定第一入境點(diǎn)入境。

Starting Monday, the Chinese capital will redirect all the inbound flights scheduled to land at Beijing Capital International Airport to 12 designated airports.
從3月23日起，所有計(jì)劃降落在北京首都國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的入境航班將分流至12個(gè)指定機(jī)場(chǎng)降落。

Passengers will go through customs clearance and quarantine at these airports, and those having passed quarantine inspection can fly to Beijing on their original flights, it said.
乘坐上述國(guó)際航班的旅客在指定機(jī)場(chǎng)實(shí)施檢疫并辦理入境清關(guān)手續(xù)。檢疫符合登機(jī)條件的旅客可搭乘原航班入京。

目前，我國(guó)境內(nèi)疫情防控形勢(shì)持續(xù)向好，疫情蔓延擴(kuò)散勢(shì)頭已經(jīng)得到基本控制，但是境外疫情不斷擴(kuò)散蔓延，給我國(guó)疫情防控工作帶來(lái)新挑戰(zhàn)。

As of Saturday, the capital had seen no confirmed cases in residents for 15 consecutive days, Gao Xiaojun, health commission spokesman, said at a news conference on Sunday afternoon.
北京市衛(wèi)生健康委新聞發(fā)言人高小俊在3月22日的發(fā)布會(huì)上表示，截止3月21日，北京已經(jīng)連續(xù)15天沒(méi)有本地新增確診病例。

"The imported cases are the current focus of the city's prevention and control efforts," Gao said.
輸入病例是北京市當(dāng)前疫情防控工作的重點(diǎn)。

The Chinese mainland saw a total of 314 confirmed cases in patients from other countries, as of Saturday, according to the National Health Commission. Those in Beijing accounted for about 31 percent.
國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委的信息顯示，截至3月21日，全國(guó)境外輸入確診病例314例，其中北京的輸入病例占31%。

北京作為國(guó)際交流中心，已經(jīng)成為防控境外疫情輸入的主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。

從3月16日零時(shí)起，所有境外進(jìn)京人員(包括無(wú)癥狀者)，均應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)送至集中觀察點(diǎn)進(jìn)行14天的隔離觀察（14-day quarantine）。有特殊情況的，經(jīng)嚴(yán)格評(píng)估，可進(jìn)行居家觀察（home quarantine）。集中隔離觀察期間，隔離人員費(fèi)用自理。

3月19日晚間，民航局首先對(duì)3月20—22日四個(gè)目的地為北京的國(guó)際航班指定了第一入境點(diǎn)。

The airports in Tianjin, Taiyuan, in Shanxi province, and Hohhot, in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, have been handling such diverted inbound flights since Friday.
自3月20日起，天津、山西太原、內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特的機(jī)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始承擔(dān)入境航班分流任務(wù)。

之后，上海浦東、石家莊、濟(jì)南、青島、南京、沈陽(yáng)、大連、鄭州和西安九地也被納入。與此同時(shí)，民航局還對(duì)各航空公司具體制定了第一入境點(diǎn)。

The entry arrangements for the Beijing-bound international flights will be adjusted in a timely manner in accordance with the COVID-19 outbreak situation, the statement said.
公告指出，目的地為北京的國(guó)際航班指定第一入境點(diǎn)的安排及相關(guān)措施將根據(jù)疫情變化情況適時(shí)調(diào)整。

中醫(yī)藥 TCM medicine

國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室3月23日下午在湖北武漢舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，中西醫(yī)專家介紹了中醫(yī)藥防治新冠肺炎的重要作用及有效藥物。

A total of 74,187 confirmed patients, which account for 91.5 percent of the total infections on the Chinese mainland, have been administered traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as part of their treatment, and over 90 percent of them have shown improvement during clinical observation, according to Yu Yanhong, Party secretary and top official of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

中醫(yī)藥局黨組書(shū)記余艷紅介紹，全國(guó)新冠肺炎確診病例中有74187人使用了中醫(yī)藥，占91.5%，從臨床療效觀察來(lái)看，中醫(yī)藥總有效率達(dá)90%以上。

TCM has effectively relieved symptoms, cut the rate of patients developing into severe conditions, raised the recovery rate, reduced the mortality rate and boosted patients' recovery, Yu said.
余艷紅表示，中醫(yī)藥能夠有效緩解癥狀；能夠減少輕型普通型向重型發(fā)展；能夠提高治愈率、降低病亡率；能夠促進(jìn)患者康復(fù)。

余艷紅說(shuō)，此次新冠肺炎疫情，在早期沒(méi)有特效藥、沒(méi)有疫苗的情況下，總結(jié)中醫(yī)藥治療病毒性傳染病規(guī)律和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，深入發(fā)掘古代經(jīng)典名方，結(jié)合臨床實(shí)踐，形成了中醫(yī)藥治療新冠肺炎的診療方案和中西醫(yī)結(jié)合的“中國(guó)方案”（a "Chinese plan" that combines traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine），篩選出金花清感顆粒、連花清瘟膠囊、血必凈注射液和清肺排毒湯、化濕敗毒方、宣肺敗毒方等有明顯療效的“三藥三方”為代表的一批有效方藥（effective TCM drugs and prescriptions）。

XuanFeiBaiDu Granule can increase the lymphocyte recovery rate by 17 percent and the clinical cure rate by 22 percent in the controlled observation, according to Huang Luqi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中國(guó)工程院院士黃璐琦研究員說(shuō)，臨床顯示，宣肺敗毒方在對(duì)照觀察中可將淋巴細(xì)胞恢復(fù)率提高17%，臨床治愈率提高22%。

Liu Qingquan, head of the Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that two TCM drugs -- Jinhua Qinggan Granule and Lianhua Qingwen Capsule/Granule have proven to be effective in the treatment of mild COVID-19 cases, while Xuebijing Injection can help treat inflammation and coagulation dysfunction.
北京中醫(yī)醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)劉清泉教授說(shuō)，已經(jīng)顯示出金花清感和連花清瘟這兩個(gè)藥，臨床上治療新冠肺炎的輕型和普通型還是有非常確切的療效的，血必凈注射液針對(duì)炎癥風(fēng)暴、凝血功能紊亂等治療也有很好的療效。

Zhang Boli, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that TCM treatment has significantly lowered the proportion of patients whose conditions turned from mild to severe. "None of the 564 patients at the TCM-oriented temporary hospital in Wuhan saw their health condition deteriorating into severe," said Zhang. "We have therefore applied TCM treatment to over 10,000 patients in other makeshift hospitals, and the rate of patients developing into severe conditions were substantially reduced," said Zhang.
中國(guó)工程院院士張伯禮教授說(shuō)，中醫(yī)的方艙醫(yī)院中，564名患者沒(méi)有一例轉(zhuǎn)為重癥的。取得經(jīng)驗(yàn)以后，向別的方艙也推廣，一萬(wàn)多名患者普遍使用了中藥。方艙中醫(yī)綜合治療，顯著降低了由輕癥轉(zhuǎn)為重癥的比例。

中國(guó)工程院院士、中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)黃璐琦認(rèn)為，

TCM and Western medicine may come from two different medical systems and have different perspectives on health and diseases, but they are both based on the standard of factual clinical efficacy.
中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)雖屬于兩個(gè)不同的醫(yī)學(xué)體系，對(duì)健康、疾病有不同的認(rèn)識(shí)角度，但是它們都會(huì)基于臨床療效這一事實(shí)。

余艷紅表示，

The practice of treating COVID-19 patients has proved once again that the precious wisdom left by our TCM ancestors is still practical, effective and economical. We would love to share these valuable experiences and effective treatment methods with all countries.
這次的實(shí)踐再次充分證明，中醫(yī)藥學(xué)這個(gè)老祖宗留下來(lái)的寶貴財(cái)富依然好使、管用，并且經(jīng)濟(jì)易行。我們?cè)敢馀c所有國(guó)家分享寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)及有效治療手段。

解除離鄂通道管控 lift outbound transportation restrictions in Hubei

湖北省新冠肺炎疫情防控指揮部3月24日發(fā)布通告說(shuō)，湖北省除武漢市以外地區(qū)，將于3月25日起解除離鄂通道管控，武漢市將于4月8日起解除離漢離鄂通道管控措施。

People in Wuhan will be allowed to leave the city and Hubei province from April 8 if they hold a green health code, meaning no contact with any infected or suspected COVID-19 cases, according to the circular.
通告指出，自4月8日起，在漢人員憑湖北健康碼“綠碼”可離開(kāi)武漢及湖北。健康碼“綠碼”表示未曾接觸過(guò)新冠肺炎確診或疑似病例。

Other areas in Hubei will lift outbound transportation restrictions from Wednesday. Migrant workers who hold green codes and negative nucleic acid testing results will be sent out of the province to their workplace directly.
湖北省除武漢市以外地區(qū)，將于3月25日起解除離鄂通道管控。對(duì)持有湖北健康碼“綠碼”的外出務(wù)工人員，經(jīng)核酸檢測(cè)合格后，直接輸送至務(wù)工所在地。

【單詞講解】

“解除管控”這里用lift restrictions表示，lift除了本身的“抬起、舉起”之意外，也有“撤銷、解除”的意思，后面一般搭配restrictions、ban等表示“禁令”的詞，比如， lift the ban on imports of British beef（解除英國(guó)牛肉進(jìn)口禁令）。與之相反的“實(shí)施禁令”則多用impose restrction來(lái)表示。

Wuhan will gradually resume production based on risk evaluation. The reopening of schools, colleges, kindergartens and vocational institutions remains postponed and will be set at a later date.
武漢市根據(jù)疫情風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)評(píng)估情況，逐步推動(dòng)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。省內(nèi)大專院校、中小學(xué)、職業(yè)院校、幼兒園等繼續(xù)延期開(kāi)學(xué)，具體開(kāi)學(xué)時(shí)間待定。

通告指出，外省來(lái)鄂來(lái)漢人員憑外省健康碼或湖北健康碼“綠碼”，在全省范圍內(nèi)安全有序流動(dòng)（travel within the province with the health code issued by their original provinces or Hubei province），不需另行提供健康證明（確實(shí)無(wú)法申領(lǐng)健康碼的除外）、流動(dòng)證明、流入地申請(qǐng)審批表或接收證明、車輛通行證（other types of health certificates, approval letters or passes are not needed）等。

今年1月23日，武漢市新冠肺炎疫情防控指揮部發(fā)布通告，自當(dāng)日10時(shí)起離漢通道暫時(shí)關(guān)閉。

To reduce the spread of the virus, the government put the city under lockdown by shutting services at the airport, railway stations, ferry ports and long-distance bus stations, as well as suspending all public transport services in the city and sealing off highway entrances and exits.
為了減緩病毒傳播，當(dāng)?shù)卣P(guān)閉了武漢市機(jī)場(chǎng)、火車站、輪渡碼頭以及長(zhǎng)途汽車站，同時(shí)暫停市內(nèi)所有公共交通服務(wù)并關(guān)閉了進(jìn)出武漢的高速路口。

As the number of confirmed cases in Wuhan soared rapidly in late January and early February, the city imposed stricter measures that locked down all housing complexes to outsiders.
1月底、2月初，武漢市確診病例驟增，當(dāng)?shù)卣扇×烁訃?yán)格的管控措施，所有居民小區(qū)進(jìn)行封閉管理。

3月以來(lái)，湖北省及武漢市的新增確診病例數(shù)持續(xù)走低。

By the end of Monday, regions outside Wuhan in Hubei had seen zero new infections for 19 days in a row and Wuhan also reported zero new cases for five consecutive days from March 18 to 22.
截至3月23日，湖北省武漢以外地區(qū)已經(jīng)連續(xù)19天無(wú)新增確診病例，3月18日至22日，武漢市也連續(xù)5天沒(méi)有報(bào)告新增病例。

通告要求，各地要進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化屬地責(zé)任，毫不放松抓緊抓實(shí)抓細(xì)各項(xiàng)防控工作。

The provincial government urged all localities to strictly manage risks brought by the increased movement of people and gatherings and properly respond to imported risks.
各地要嚴(yán)防人員流動(dòng)和聚集增加帶來(lái)疫情反彈風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，妥善應(yīng)對(duì)輸入性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

It also asked for work arrangements to be refined to ensure safe and orderly traffic and active promotion of the resumption of work and production to minimize the losses caused by the pandemic and restore normal economic and social development as soon as possible.
要細(xì)化工作安排，確保安全有序流動(dòng)。要積極有序推進(jìn)企事業(yè)單位復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，努力把疫情造成的損失降到最低限度，力爭(zhēng)全省經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展早日全面步入正常軌道。

暫停外籍人士入境 entry of foreign nationals suspended

中華人民共和國(guó)外交部、國(guó)家移民管理局3月26日發(fā)布關(guān)于暫時(shí)停止持有效中國(guó)簽證、居留許可的外國(guó)人入境的公告。

The suspension -- starting on Saturday Mar 28 -- is a temporary measure that China is compelled to take in light of the outbreak situation and the practices of other countries, the announcement said.
公告指出，該政策自2020年3月28日0時(shí)起生效，這是中方為應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前疫情，參考多國(guó)做法，不得已采取的臨時(shí)性措施。

公告具體內(nèi)容如下：

According to the announcement, entry by foreign nationals with APEC business travel cards will be suspended.
暫停外國(guó)人持APEC商務(wù)旅行卡入境。

Policies including port visas, 24/72/144-hour visa-free transit policy, Hainan 30-day visa-free policy, 15-day visa-free policy specified for foreign cruise-group-tour through Shanghai Port, Guangdong 144-hour visa-free policy specified for foreign tour groups from Hong Kong or Macao SAR, and Guangxi 15-day visa-free policy specified for foreign tour groups of ASEAN countries will also be temporarily suspended.
暫?？诎逗炞C、24/72/144小時(shí)過(guò)境免簽、海南入境免簽、上海郵輪免簽、港澳地區(qū)外國(guó)人組團(tuán)入境廣東144小時(shí)免簽、東盟旅游團(tuán)入境廣西免簽等政策。

Entry with diplomatic, service, courtesy or C visas will not be affected and foreign nationals coming to China for necessary economic, trade, scientific or technological activities or out of emergency humanitarian needs may apply for visas at Chinese embassies or consulates, the announcement said.
持外交、公務(wù)、禮遇、C字簽證入境不受影響。外國(guó)人如來(lái)華從事必要的經(jīng)貿(mào)、科技等活動(dòng)，以及出于緊急人道主義需要，可向中國(guó)駐外使領(lǐng)館申辦簽證。

Entry by foreign nationals with visas issued after this announcement will not be affected.
外國(guó)人持公告后簽發(fā)的簽證入境不受影響。

公告指出，

China will stay in close touch with all sides and properly handle personnel exchanges with the rest of the world under the special circumstances, it said, adding that the above-mentioned measures will be calibrated in light of the evolving situation and announced accordingly.
中方愿與各方保持密切溝通，做好當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下中外人員往來(lái)工作。中方將根據(jù)疫情形勢(shì)調(diào)整上述措施并另行公告。

民航局也于同日發(fā)布《關(guān)于疫情防控期間繼續(xù)調(diào)減國(guó)際客運(yùn)航班量的通知》，決定進(jìn)一步調(diào)減國(guó)際客運(yùn)航班運(yùn)行數(shù)量，各航空公司的航班計(jì)劃自2020年3月29日起執(zhí)行。

All domestic airlines were allowed to operate only one flight to each country per week, while foreign aviation companies should keep only one air route to China and there should be no more than one flight every week for each of the air route to China, according to the circular.
國(guó)內(nèi)每家航空公司經(jīng)營(yíng)至任一國(guó)家的航線只能保留1條，且每條航線每周運(yùn)營(yíng)班次不得超過(guò)1班；外國(guó)每家航空公司經(jīng)營(yíng)至我國(guó)的航線只能保留1條，且每周運(yùn)營(yíng)班次不得超過(guò)1班。

Stricter measures will also be taken to curb the spread of the virus on flights arriving or leaving the country and ensure that passenger load factor is lower than 75 percent, the CAAC said, adding that it might further slash international flights if necessary.
此外，在抵離中國(guó)的航班上采取嚴(yán)格的防控措施，確?？妥什桓哂?5%。根據(jù)疫情防控需要，民航局可能出臺(tái)進(jìn)一步收緊國(guó)際客運(yùn)航班總量的政策。

二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎特別峰會(huì) G20 Extraordinary Leaders' Summit on COVID-19

 

3月26日晚，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平出席二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎特別峰會(huì)并發(fā)表重要講話。雙語(yǔ)金句學(xué)起來(lái)！

面對(duì)突如其來(lái)的新冠肺炎疫情，中國(guó)政府、中國(guó)人民不畏艱險(xiǎn)，始終把人民生命安全和身體健康擺在第一位，按照?qǐng)?jiān)定信心、同舟共濟(jì)、科學(xué)防治、精準(zhǔn)施策的總要求，堅(jiān)持全民動(dòng)員、聯(lián)防聯(lián)控、公開(kāi)透明，打響了一場(chǎng)抗擊疫情的人民戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
Facing the COVID-19 outbreak that caught us all by surprise, the Chinese government and Chinese people have been undaunted as we took on this formidable task. From day one of our fight against the outbreak, we have put people's life and health first. We have acted according to the overall principle of shoring up confidence, strengthening unity, ensuring sciencebased control and treatment and imposing targeted measures. We have mobilized the whole nation, set up collective control and treatment mechanisms and acted with openness and transparency. What we fought was a people's war against the outbreak.

在中方最困難的時(shí)候，國(guó)際社會(huì)許多成員給予中方真誠(chéng)幫助和支持，我們會(huì)始終銘記并珍視這份友誼。
At the most difficult moment in our fight against the outbreak, China received assistance and help from a lot of members of the global community. Such expressions of friendship will always be remembered and cherished by the Chinese people.

當(dāng)前，國(guó)際社會(huì)最需要的是堅(jiān)定信心、齊心協(xié)力、團(tuán)結(jié)應(yīng)對(duì)，全面加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作，凝聚起戰(zhàn)勝疫情強(qiáng)大合力，攜手贏得這場(chǎng)人類同重大傳染性疾病的斗爭(zhēng)。
At such a moment, it is imperative for the international community to strengthen confidence, act with unity and work together in a collective response. We must comprehensively step up international cooperation and foster greater synergy so that humanity as one could win the battle against such a major infectious disease.

中方秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，愿同各國(guó)分享防控有益做法，開(kāi)展藥物和疫苗聯(lián)合研發(fā)，并向出現(xiàn)疫情擴(kuò)散的國(guó)家提供力所能及的援助。
Guided by the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind, China will be more than ready to share our good practices, conduct joint research and development of drugs and vaccines, and provide assistance where we can to countries hit by the growing outbreak.

病毒無(wú)國(guó)界。疫情是我們的共同敵人。各國(guó)必須攜手拉起最嚴(yán)密的聯(lián)防聯(lián)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)。中方已經(jīng)建立新冠肺炎疫情防控網(wǎng)上知識(shí)中心，向所有國(guó)家開(kāi)放。
This is a virus that respects no borders. The outbreak we are battling is our common enemy. All must work together to build a strongest global network of control and treatment that the world has ever seen. China has set up its online COVID-19 knowledge center that is open to all countries.

疫情對(duì)全球生產(chǎn)和需求造成全面沖擊，各國(guó)應(yīng)該聯(lián)手加大宏觀政策對(duì)沖力度，防止世界經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退。
The outbreak has disrupted production and demand across the globe. Countries need to leverage and coordinate their macro policies to counteract the negative impact and prevent the world economy from falling into recession.

要共同維護(hù)全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定，中國(guó)將加大力度向國(guó)際市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)原料藥、生活必需品、防疫物資等產(chǎn)品。
We need to jointly keep the global industrial and supply chains stable. What China will do in this regard is to increase its supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients, daily necessities, and anti-epidemic and other supplies to the international market.

我呼吁二十國(guó)集團(tuán)成員采取共同舉措，減免關(guān)稅、取消壁壘、暢通貿(mào)易，發(fā)出有力信號(hào)，提振世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇士氣。
I want to call on all G20 members to take collective actions - cutting tariffs, removing barriers, and facilitating the unfettered flow of trade. Together, we can send a strong signal and restore confidence for global economic recovery.

我堅(jiān)信，只要我們同舟共濟(jì)、守望相助，就一定能夠徹底戰(zhàn)勝疫情，迎來(lái)人類發(fā)展更加美好的明天！
I am convinced that through solidarity and mutual assistance, we will prevail over this outbreak and we all will embrace a brighter future for mankind!

無(wú)癥狀感染者 asymptomatic patients

Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients refer to those who do not show any symptoms, including fever and cough, but their tests for the novel coronavirus are positive.
新冠肺炎“無(wú)癥狀感染者”指沒(méi)有發(fā)燒和咳嗽等癥狀，但是新冠病毒檢測(cè)為陽(yáng)性的人。

Asymptomatic patients are not categorized as confirmed cases, because only those showing symptoms can be labeled as confirmed cases, according to the latest version of the COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guidelines released by the National Health Commission.
根據(jù)國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的最新版新冠肺炎診療方案，“無(wú)癥狀感染者”不能算確診病例，只有出現(xiàn)癥狀的感染者才能被納入確診病例。

Asymptomatic patients could infect others, but are not the major source of the spread of novel coronavirus, according to the World Health Organization.
世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，“無(wú)癥狀感染者”會(huì)感染他人，但不是新冠病毒的主要傳染源。

針對(duì)我國(guó)“無(wú)癥狀感染者”的情況，鐘南山院士近期在采訪中進(jìn)行了回應(yīng)。

鐘南山表示：

The infection rate is usually very high of those who have close contacts with asymptomatic novel coronavirus carriers.
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，“無(wú)癥狀感染者”對(duì)與其密切接觸的人的傳染率很高。

But the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is not increasing but reducing in the mainland, and that indicates China did not have many asymptomatic novel coronavirus carriers.
但是中國(guó)近期新冠肺炎新確診病例數(shù)不僅沒(méi)有上升，反而在不斷下降……這可以說(shuō)明：中國(guó)還沒(méi)有大量的“無(wú)癥狀感染者”。

There isn't any specific number on China's asymptomatic novel coronavirus carriers and more detailed and professional studies and research are needed in the following months.
目前關(guān)于中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)“無(wú)癥狀感染者”的情況沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字，未來(lái)幾個(gè)月還需進(jìn)行詳盡專業(yè)的研究。

China will scale up screening of asymptomatic patients of COVID-19 and expand testing to close contacts of infected patients in an effort to prevent a possible domestic rebound of the outbreak, according to a decision made at a meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang on Monday. The meeting of the leading group of the Communist Party of China Central Committee on coping with the novel coronavirus pneumonia underlined the importance of prioritizing the monitoring, tracking, isolation and treatment of asymptomatic cases to consolidate the country's epidemic containment efforts.
國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)30日主持召開(kāi)中央應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組會(huì)議。會(huì)議指出，為防止可能出現(xiàn)的國(guó)內(nèi)疫情反彈，要加大無(wú)癥狀感染者篩查力度，將檢測(cè)范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大至感染病例的密切接觸者。會(huì)議強(qiáng)調(diào)，要鞏固疫情防控成果，突出做好無(wú)癥狀感染者監(jiān)測(cè)、追蹤、隔離和治療非常重要。