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漢譯英的重要技巧
發(fā)起人:eging  回復數(shù):0  瀏覽數(shù):5941  最后更新:2017/1/24 10:41:42 by eging

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2017/1/24 10:40:02
eging





角  色:普通會員
發(fā) 帖 數(shù):3730
注冊時間:2015/6/5
漢譯英的重要技巧
      得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道,一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓感打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來。一個春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設宴,一時賓客云集,笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗簾,窺見園中大千世界,一片繁華,自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其間,個個喜氣洋洋。一霎時,一陣被人摒棄,為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭,禁不住痛哭起來。

  閱學生之譯文,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個問題值得我們譯員注意,即如何在動筆翻譯前,能迅速正確地確定英譯的主語。如:

  1. 得病以前,我受父母寵愛,在家中橫行霸道。

  學生譯文(以下簡稱“學譯“):Before the illness, I was much petted by parents, doing everything at will in the home.

  學譯:Before I became ill, I have received all the favor of my parents, just like a little tyrant at home.

  參考譯文:Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.

  我們知道,漢語表達大多為“意合”結構,結構松散,以一個一個看似并列的短句“拼湊而成,彼此邏輯關系不明顯;但英語則不同于漢語,它是形合語言,非常講究句子內部的邏輯關系的“外化”,所謂“外化”,即,使用Connectives來表現(xiàn)其邏輯關系。我國譯界有一個著名比喻:漢語句子的結構像“竹竿”,是一節(jié)接一節(jié)的;而英語句子則像“葡萄”,主干很短,而“掛”在上面的附加成分則很多。可以說,漢譯英的過程,是一個由“竹竿”向“葡萄”轉換的過程。首先要確定“一節(jié)接一節(jié)”的漢語句子,選其中的哪一節(jié)為英句的“(葡萄)主干”。

  上面的漢語原句就含有一定的邏輯關系?!笆芨改笇檺邸笔且?,而“在家中橫行霸道”則是果。“果”應是全句的重心,英譯上句,“(葡萄)主干”當選定“在家中橫行霸道”而非學生譯文所選的“我受父母寵愛”。

  2. 一旦隔離,拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里,我頓感打入冷宮,十分郁郁不得志起來。

  學譯:When isolated and taken into custody in a small house on the hillside of our garden, I felt like I was abandoned, getting more and more depressed.

  學譯:As soon as I was kept apart in a small flat built on the hillside in the garden, I suddenly felt being consigned to limbo, gloomily and disappointedly.

  參考譯文:Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.

  漢語原句有“四節(jié)”,哪一部分應該成為英句之“主干”?“我頓感打入冷宮”,還是“十分郁郁不得志起來”?學譯都把“我頓感打入冷宮”處理為“主干”,而參考譯文則反其道而行之。細細分析,“十分郁郁不得志起來”和“我頓感打入冷宮”,兩者也有主次關系。顯然,“十分郁郁不得志起來”為主,“我頓感打入冷宮”為次。兩者之間,不僅存在時間先后的順序,而且還存在著邏輯上的“因果”。因此,參考譯文處理得當。另一個值得參考之處在于:“主干”(I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration)的前后均有附加成分,句子顯出“平衡美”。

  3. 一個春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設宴,一時賓客云集,笑語四溢。

  學譯:At one dusk in spring, flowers were blooming wildly in the garden, my parents were holding a banquet, in which guests were gathering, laughters could be heard everywhere.

  學譯:On a spring evening, hundreds of flowers were in full bloom in the garden where my parents hosted a banquet. For a while, guests gathered in large number, laughing and talking, which could be heard clearly.

  參考譯文:On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.

  漢語原句的“節(jié)數(shù)”增加到“五節(jié)”。譯成英語,仍應確定正確的“主干”,兩個“學譯”不謀而合,將“園中百花怒放”, 而不是“父母在園中設宴”作為“主干”來處理。讀來,給人一種觀比薩斜塔的感覺。相比之下,參考譯文則給人一種美感,散發(fā)出濃郁的英語味?


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